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Abstract
This article reviews newly available knowledge on multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS), a chronic medical condition characterized by symptoms in multiple organ and caused by exposure to low levels of common chemicals. Although various pathophysiological models have been proposed (including toxicological, immunological or behavioral models), the causes and underlying mechanisms of MCS are still not fully understood. Most patients with MCS were women between the ages of 30 and 50 years. The most frequently reported trigger was a newly constructed home or job site. The common symptoms are vague, non-specific complaints: fatigue, difficulty concentrating, poor memory, sneezing/runny nose, headache, and muscle pain. There are no laboratory markers or specific investigative findings for MCS. The Quick Environmental Exposure and Sensitivity Inventory (QEESI)© has been used as a screening questionnaire. Treatment focuses on assisting patients at the earliest possible opportunity to reduce their exposure to unique symptom triggers and known hazardous chemicals. Early comprehensive assessment, medical management, and social and financial support might avoid the deterioration of functions associated with prolonged illness.
Figures and Tables
Fig. 2
Estimated onset factors of multiple chemical sensitivity at the Environmental Medical Center of Kitasato Institute Hospital13).
Table 5
Standardized diagnostics procedures of MCS to exclude relevant other disease
CBC, complete blood count; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CRP, c-reactive protein; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; ANAs, anti-nuclear antibodies; PNS, paranasal sinus study; PFT, pulmonary function test; EEG, electroencephalography; EP, evoked potential; NCV, nerve conduction velocity; EMG, electromyogram; SPECT, single photon emission computed tomography; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; ECG, electrocardigram; UA, urine analysis
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