1. Maliszewska-Kordybach B. Sources, concentrations, fate and effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the environment. Part a: PAHs in air. Pol J Environ Stud. 1999; 8:131–136.
2. Boström C-E, Gerde P, Hanberg A, Jernström B, Johansson C, Kyrklund T, Rannug A, Törnqvist M, Victorin K, Westerholm R. Cancer risk assessment, indicators, and guidelines for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the ambient air. Environ Health Perspect. 2002; 110:451–488. DOI:
10.1289/ehp.02110s3451. PMID:
12060843.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
3. Levin JO, Rhén M, Sikström E. Occupational PAH exposure: urinary 1-hydroxypyrene levels of coke oven workers, aluminium smelter pot-room workers, road pavers, and occupationally non-exposed persons in Sweden. Sci Total Environ. 1995; 163:169–177. DOI:
10.1016/0048-9697(95)04488-M. PMID:
7716495.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
4. USEPA. Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment. 1986. Washington, DC: U.S Government Printing Office.
6. Boffetta P, Jourenkova N, Gustavsson P. Cancer risk from occupational and environmental exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Cancer Causes Control. 1997; 8:444–472. DOI:
10.1023/A:1018465507029. PMID:
9498904.
7. IARC. Some non-heterocyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and some related exposures. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum. 2010;92:36-37.
8. Brook RD, Franklin B, Cascio W, Hong Y, Howard G, Lipsett M, Luepker R, Mittleman M, Samet J, Smith SC, Jr., Tager I. A statement for healthcare professionals from expert panel on population and prevention science of the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2004;109:2655-71.
9. Xu X, Cook RL, Ilacqua VA, Kan H, Talbott EO, Kearney G. Studying associations between urinary metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and cardiovascular diseases in the United States. Sci Total Environ. 2010; 408:4943–4948. DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.07.034. PMID:
20701951.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
10. Miller RL, Garfinkel R, Horton M, Camann D, Perera FP, Whyatt RM, Kinney PL. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, environmental tobacco smoke, and respiratory symptoms in an inner-city birth cohort. Chest. 2004; 126:1071–1078. DOI:
10.1378/chest.126.4.1071. PMID:
15486366.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
11. Rosa MJ, Jung KH, Perzanowski MS, Kelvin EA, Darling KW, Camann DE, Chillrud SN, Whyatt RM, Kinney PL, Perera FP, Miller RL. Prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, environmental tobacco smoke and asthma. Respir Med. 2011; 105:869–876. DOI:
10.1016/j.rmed.2010.11.022. PMID:
21163637.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
12. Choi H, Rauh V, Garfinkel R, Tu Y, Perera FP. Prenatal exposure to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and risk of intrauterine growth restriction. Environ Health Perspect. 2008; 116:658–665. DOI:
10.1289/ehp.10958. PMID:
18470316.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
13. Pope DP, Mishra V, Thompson L, Siddiqui AR, Rehfuess EA, Weber M, Bruce NG. Risk of low birth weight and stillbirth associated with indoor air pollution from solid fuel use in developing countries. Epidemiol Rev. 2010; 32:70–81. DOI:
10.1093/epirev/mxq005. PMID:
20378629.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
14. Perera FP, Li Z, Whyatt R, Hoepner L, Wang S, Camann D, Rauh V. Prenatal airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure and child IQ at age 5 years. Pediatrics. 2009; 124:e195–e202. DOI:
10.1542/peds.2008-3506. PMID:
19620194.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
15. Perera FP, Rauh V, Whyatt RM, Tsai W-Y, Tang D, Diaz D, Hoepner L, Barr D, Tu Y-H, Camann D, Kinney P. Effect of prenatal exposure to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on neurodevelopment in the first 3 years of life among Inner-City children. Environ Health Perspect. 2006; 114:1287–1292. DOI:
10.1289/ehp.9084. PMID:
16882541.
16. Jung KH, Bernabé K, Moors K, Yan B, Chillrud SN, Whyatt R, Camann D, Kinney PL, Perera FP, Miller RL. Effects of floor level and building type on residential levels of outdoor and indoor polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, black carbon, and particulate matter in new York City. Atmosphere. 2011; 2:96. DOI:
10.3390/atmos2020096. PMID:
21886868.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
17. Whitehead T, Metayer C, Gunier RB, Ward MH, Nishioka MG, Buffler P, Rappaport SM. Determinants of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon levels in house dust. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2011; 21:123–132. DOI:
10.1038/jes.2009.68. PMID:
20040932.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
18. Li A, Schoonover TM, Zou Q, Norlock F, Conroy LM, Scheff PA, Wadden RA. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in residential air of ten Chicago area homes: concentrations and influencing factors. Atmos Environ. 2005; 39:3491–3501. DOI:
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.02.029.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
19. CDC: (2017) Fourth National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals, Updated Tables, January 2017.
http://www.cdc.gov/exposurereport/. Accessed March 2018.
21. Castro D, Slezakova K, Delerue-Matos C, MdC A-F, Morais S, MdC P. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in gas and particulate phases of indoor environments influenced by tobacco smoke: levels, phase distributions, and health risks. Atmos Environ. 2011; 45:1799–1808. DOI:
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.01.018.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
22. Ohura T, Amagai T, Fusaya M, Matsushita H. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in indoor and outdoor environments and factors affecting their concentrations. Environ Sci Technol. 2004; 38:77–83. DOI:
10.1021/es030512o. PMID:
14740720.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
23. Kang DH, Choi DH, Won D, Yang W, Schleibinger H, David J. Household materials as emission sources of naphthalene in Canadian homes and their contribution to indoor air. Atmos Environ. 2012; 50:79–87. DOI:
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.12.060.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
24. Li Z, Mulholland JA, Romanoff LC, Pittman EN, Trinidad DA, Lewin MD, Sjodin A. Assessment of non-occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons through personal air sampling and urinary biomonitoring. J Environ Monit. 2010; 12:1110–1118. DOI:
10.1039/c000689k. PMID:
21491629.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
25. Gustafson P, Ostman C, Sallsten G. Indoor levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in homes with or without wood burning for heating. Environ Sci Technol. 2008; 42:5074–5080. DOI:
10.1021/es800304y. PMID:
18754350.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
26. Shen G. Quantification of emission reduction potentials of primary air pollutants from residential solid fuel combustion by adopting cleaner fuels in China. J Environ Sci. 2015; 37:1–7. DOI:
10.1016/j.jes.2015.04.018.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
27. Li Z, Sjödin A, Romanoff LC, Horton K, Fitzgerald CL, Eppler A, Aguilar-Villalobos M, Naeher LP. Evaluation of exposure reduction to indoor air pollution in stove intervention projects in Peru by urinary biomonitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites. Environ Int. 2011; 37:1157–1163. DOI:
10.1016/j.envint.2011.03.024. PMID:
21524795.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
28. Riojas-Rodriguez H, Schilmann A, Marron-Mares AT, Masera O, Li Z, Romanoff L, Sjodin A, Rojas-Bracho L, Needham LL, Romieu I. Impact of the improved patsari biomass stove on urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biomarkers and carbon monoxide exposures in rural Mexican women. Environ Health Perspect. 2011; 119:1301–1307. DOI:
10.1289/ehp.1002927. PMID:
21622083.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
29. Van Loy MD, Nazaroff WW, Daisey JM. Nicotine as a marker for environmental tobacco smoke: implications of sorption on indoor surface materials. J Air Waste Manage Assoc. 1998; 48:959–968. DOI:
10.1080/10473289.1998.10463742.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
30. Whitehead TP, Metayer C, Petreas M, Does M, Buffler PA, Rappaport SM. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in residential dust: sources of variability. Environ Health Perspect. 2013; 121:543–550. DOI:
10.1289/ehp.1205821. PMID:
23461863.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
31. Castro D, Slezakova K, Delerue-Matos C, MdCM A-F, Morais S, MdC P. Contribution of traffic and tobacco smoke in the distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on outdoor and indoor PM2. 5. Global Nest Journal. 2010; 12:3–11.
32. Freeman DJ, Cattell FCR. Woodburning as a source of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Environ Sci Technol. 1990; 24:1581–1585. DOI:
10.1021/es00080a019.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
33. Maertens RM, Yang X, Zhu J, Gagne RW, Douglas GR, White PA. Mutagenic and carcinogenic hazards of settled house dust. I: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content and excess lifetime cancer risk from preschool exposure. Environ Sci Technol. 2008; 42:1747–1753. DOI:
10.1021/es702449c. PMID:
18441830.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
34. Lung SCC, Kao MC, Hu SC. Contribution of incense burning to indoor PM10 and particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons under two ventilation conditions. Indoor Air. 2003; 13:194–199. DOI:
10.1034/j.1600-0668.2003.00197.x. PMID:
12756013.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)