1. Alexander SA. Diagnosis and treatment planning in orthodontics. Curr Opin Dent. 1992; 2:9–13.
2. Alexander RG. The vari-simplex discipline. Part 2. Nonextraction treatment. J Clin Orthod. 1983; 17:474–482.
3. Ludwig B, Glasl B, Kinzinger GS, Walde KC, Lisson JA. The skeletal frog appliance for maxillary molar distalization. J Clin Orthod. 2011; 45:77–84. quiz 91.
4. Byloff FK, Darendeliler MA. Distal molar movement using the pendulum appliance. Part 1: clinical and radiological evaluation. Angle Orthod. 1997; 67:249–260.
5. Bondemark L, Kurol J. Distalization of maxillary first and second molars simultaneously with repelling magnets. Eur J Orthod. 1992; 14:264–272.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
6. Escobar SA, Tellez PA, Moncada CA, Villegas CA, Latorre CM, Oberti G. Distalization of maxillary molars with the bone-supported pendulum: a clinical study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007; 131:545–549.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
7. Chiu PP, McNamara JA Jr, Franchi L. A comparison of two intraoral molar distalization appliances: distal jet versus pendulum. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2005; 128:353–365.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
8. Mavropoulos A, Karamouzos A, Kiliaridis S, Papadopoulos MA. Efficiency of noncompliance simultaneous first and second upper molar distalization: a three-dimensional tooth movement analysis. Angle Orthod. 2005; 75:532–539.
9. Nalcaci R, Kocoglu-Altan AB, Bicakci AA, Ozturk F, Babacan H. A reliable method for evaluating upper molar distalization: superimposition of three-dimensional digital models. Korean J Orthod. 2015; 45:82–88.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
10. Duran GS, Görgülü S, Dindaroğlu F. Three-dimensional analysis of tooth movements after palatal miniscrew-supported molar distalization. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2016; 150:188–197.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
11. Hourfar J, Ludwig B, Kanavakis G. An active, skeletally anchored transpalatal appliance for derotation, distalization and vertical control of maxillary first molars. J Orthod. 2014; 41:Suppl 1. S24–S32.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
12. Uzuner FD, Kaygisiz E, Unver F, Tortop T. Comparison of transverse dental changes induced by the palatally applied Frog appliance and buccally applied Karad's integrated distalizing system. Korean J Orthod. 2016; 46:96–103.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
13. Kapila SD, Nervina JM. CBCT in orthodontics: assessment of treatment outcomes and indications for its use. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2015; 44:20140282.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
14. Özalp Ö, Tezerişener HA, Kocabalkan B, Büyükkaplan UŞ, Özarslan MM, Şimşek Kaya G, et al. Comparing the precision of panoramic radiography and cone-beam computed tomography in avoiding anatomical structures critical to dental implant surgery: a retrospective study. Imaging Sci Dent. 2018; 48:269–275.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
15. Jacobs R, Quirynen M. Dental cone beam computed tomography: justification for use in planning oral implant placement. Periodontol 2000. 2014; 66:203–213.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
16. Kinzinger GS, Fritz UB, Sander FG, Diedrich PR. Efficiency of a pendulum appliance for molar distalization related to second and third molar eruption stage. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004; 125:8–23.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
17. Flores-Mir C, McGrath L, Heo G, Major PW. Efficiency of molar distalization associated with second and third molar eruption stage. Angle Orthod. 2013; 83:735–742.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
18. Joseph AA, Butchart CJ. An evaluation of the pendulum distalizing appliance. Semin Orthod. 2000; 6:129–135.
19. Kang JM, Park JH, Bayome M, Oh M, Park CO, Kook YA, et al. A three-dimensional finite element analysis of molar distalization with a palatal plate, pendulum, and headgear according to molar eruption stage. Korean J Orthod. 2016; 46:290–300.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
20. Burhan AS. Combined treatment with headgear and the Frog appliance for maxillary molar distalization: a randomized controlled trial. Korean J Orthod. 2013; 43:101–109.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
21. Bayram M, Nur M, Kilkis D. The frog appliance for upper molar distalization: a case report. Korean J Orthod. 2010; 40:50–60.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
22. Kinzinger G, Syrée C, Fritz U, Diedrich P. Molar distalization with different pendulum appliances: in vitro registration of orthodontic forces and moments in the initial phase. J Orofac Orthop. 2004; 65:389–409.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
23. Kinzinger GS, Wehrbein H, Diedrich PR. Molar distalization with a modified pendulum appliance--in vitro analysis of the force systems and in vivo study in children and adolescents. Angle Orthod. 2005; 75:558–567.
24. Karlsson I, Bondemark L. Intraoral maxillary molar distalization. Angle Orthod. 2006; 76:923–929.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
25. Byloff FK, Darendeliler MA, Clar E, Darendeliler A. Distal molar movement using the pendulum appliance. Part 2: the effects of maxillary molar root uprighting bends. Angle Orthod. 1997; 67:261–270.
26. Chaqués-Asensi J, Kalra V. Effects of the pendulum appliance on the dentofacial complex. J Clin Orthod. 2001; 35:254–257.
27. Bussick TJ, McNamara JA Jr. Dentoalveolar and skeletal changes associated with the pendulum appliance. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2000; 117:333–343.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
28. Nienkemper M, Wilmes B, Pauls A, Yamaguchi S, Ludwig B, Drescher D. Treatment efficiency of mini-implant-borne distalization depending on age and second-molar eruption. J Orofac Orthop. 2014; 75:118–132.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
29. Fudalej P, Antoszewska J. Are orthodontic distalizers reinforced with the temporary skeletal anchorage devices effective? Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011; 139:722–729.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)