This study evaluated the degree and the frequency of cervical lesions after treatment with LEEP(loop electrosurgical excision procedure) in patients with abnormal Pap smears according to the presence or absence of high-risk HPV infection. From June 1994 to May 1997, eighty patients who showed CIN or chronic cervicitis on LEEP specimens were followed up with Pap smears. The histologic results and follow-up Pap smear data were analyzed. In all cases HPV test by Hybrid Capture assay was performed. Those with neoplastic lesion underwent follow-up Pap smears at least for 1 year with 3 month interval after LEEP. In HPV-positive group(N 38), 63.2% of the cases revealed neoplastic lesion(CIN) on final histologic evaluation, and in HPV-negative group(N 42) 54.8% of the cases did(p 0.26). HPV-positive group represented 25.0%(6/24) of abnormal Pap smear result on follow-up, which is higher than that of HPV-negative group(4.3%; 1/23), showing significant difference (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in the rate of neoplastic lesion developed during follow-up between resection margin-positive group and resection margin-negative group on LEEP(p 0,04). Also, HPV-positive group had significantly higher chance to show abnormal Pap smear results during follow-up(p 0.02). In conclusion, HPV test and margin status were shown to be useful parameters to predict the recurrence or persistence of CIN lesion treated by LEEP.