Association between masticatory ability, oral health-related quality of life and cognitive function in the elderly population using structural equation modeling

Hae-Eun Shin; Ic-Jun Chang; Min-Jeong Cho; Keun-Bae Song; Youn-Hee Choi

doi:10.11149/jkaoh.2018.42.4.159

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Shin, Chang, Cho, Song, and Choi: Association between masticatory ability, oral health-related quality of life and cognitive function in the elderly population using structural equation modeling

Original Article

Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health 2018; 42(4): 159-166.

Published online: 28 December 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11149/jkaoh.2018.42.4.159

Association between masticatory ability, oral health-related quality of life and cognitive function in the elderly population using structural equation modeling

Hae-Eun Shin^#, Ic-Jun Chang^#, Min-Jeong Cho, Keun-Bae Song, Youn-Hee Choi

Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.

Corresponding Author: Youn-Hee Choi. Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol-daero, Jung-gu, Daegu 41940, Korea. Tel: +82-53-660-6871, Fax: +82-53-423-2947, cyh1001@knu.ac.kr

Equal contributor:

#These authors contributed equally to this work.

Received 17 August 2018 Revised 11 September 2018 Accepted 2 October 2018

Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health

(open-access):

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between masticatory ability, oral health-related quality of life, and cognitive function in an elderly population using structural equation modeling.

Methods

A total of 308 subjects, aged 65 years and over, were recruited from the senior citizen center in Daegu, South Korea and provided consent for inclusion in the study. The Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) was used to assess the level of cognitive function. Masticatory ability was evaluated through chewing tests, patient-perceived masticatory function and, measurement of relative occlusal forces on molar teeth using the T-Scan III® system. All data were analyzed using χ² tests, t-tests, and one-way ANOVA in SPSS version 23.0 for windows. Structural equation modeling was performed using SPSS AMOS version 22.0.

Results

There was a significant association between cognitive function and molar teeth occlusal force. Ability of food chewing score and patient-perceived masticatory function could affect oral health-related quality of life (P<0.05). Higher occlusal forces on molar teeth, compared to anterior teeth, positively correlated with higher cognitive function.

Conclusions

These results suggest that an individual's oral health condition could affect molar teeth occlusal forces and may be related to a risk of developing dementia. Therefore, there is a need for implementing nation-wide policies to improve oral health, such as masticatory function, in the elderly population.

Keywords: Cognitive function, Elderly population, Masticatory ability, Oral health-related quality of life, Structural equation modeling

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

Study model.

Fig. 2

Study model by structural equation model.

Table 1

Factor analysis and convergent validityfor oral health impactp rofile-14

Table 2

Factor analysis and convergent validity for geriatric oral health assessment index

Table 3

Characteristics of the study subjects

Table 4

Mastication level and occlusional status according to cognitive function

^*one-way ANOVA or t-test.

^**Chi-square test.

^a,b,cSame letters means there is no significant difference between groups by tukey's multiple comparison.

Table 5

Mastication ability and cognitive fuction according to OHRQoL

^*one-way ANOVA or t-test.

^a,b,cSame letters means there is no significant difference between groups by tukey's multiple comparison.

Table 6

Model fit for study model

Table 7

Path coefficient for study model

Table 8

Path coefficient for study model

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