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Abstract
Objectives
The close relationship between impaired self-referential processing and intrinsic motivation in schizophrenia has been suggested, but is not investigated yet. The purpose of this study was to explore the characteristics of self-referential processing and its relationship with intrinsic motivation in patients with schizophrenia.
Methods
Nineteen patients with schizophrenia and 24 healthy controls performed a self-referential processing task, in which a face (self, familiar other, or unfamiliar other) and three words (positive, neutral, and negative nouns) were presented. Participants were asked to indicate which word is relevant to the face. Intrinsic motivation and basic psychological needs affecting intrinsic motivation were assessed using self-reports.
Results
Compared to healthy controls, the relevance rating between self-face and neutral word was significantly lower in patients with schizophrenia (p=0.02). In patients with schizophrenia, it was negatively correlated with intrinsic motivation (r=-0.47, p=0.04) and competence (r=-0.47, p=0.05) which is known to influence intrinsic motivation.
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Fig. 1.
Relevance ratings between faces and words in each group. Bar graph represent the means and error bar depict standard deviations. PO : positive, NE : negative, NU : neutral. ∗ : p＜0.05.
Fig. 2.
The relationship between relevance rating and intrinsic motivation related scales in each group. ∗ : p＜0.05.
Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the subjects
| Patients (n=19) | Controls (n=24) | χ2/t a | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (M/F) | 13/6 | 15/9 | 0.16 | 0.69 |
| Age (years) | 43.9±6.30 | 41.9±4.2 | 1.26 | 0.21 |
| Education (years) | 13.0±1.50 | 15.9±1.8 | -5.72 | ＜0.001 |
| Intrinsic Motivation Inventory | 4.9±1.4 | 05.7±0.7 | -2.20 | 0.04 |
| BPNS autonomy | 4.0±0.9 | 04.9±0.6 | -4.04 | ＜0.001 |
| BPNS competence | 3.8±1.1 | 04.8±0.5 | -3.59 | 0.001 |
| BPNS relatedness | 4.1±1.0 | 04.8±0.4 | -3.30 | 0.003 |
| PANSS positive | 12.1±3.60 | |||
| PANSS negative | 16.7±6.60 | |||
| PANSS general | 29.3±5.20 | |||
| Duration of illness (years) | 13.5±7.20 | |||
| Dose of antipsychotics (mg) b | 524.9±315.1 |
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