Abstract
Objectives
The present study aimed at investigating the potential of using 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid against the cariogenic characteristics of Streptococcus mutans UA159.
Methods
The effects of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid on biofilm formation and acid production were evaluated; the latter are indicators of cariogenicity of S. mutans. Biofilm architecture was also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and changes in gene expression related to biofilm formation were studied by quantitative RT-PCR.
Results
Treatment with 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid at a concentration of 20 μg/ml inhibited biofilm formation by 95% in the absence of sucrose and 60% in its presence, reduced acid production by 88.8%, and significantly suppressed the gene expression of comDE, gbpB, gtfC and vicR, which are thought to be involved in the virulence of S. mutans.
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Table 1.
Gene† | Description |
Primer sequence (5’→3’)15) |
|
---|---|---|---|
Forward | Reverse | ||
comDE | Competence-stimulating peptide | ACAATTCCTTGAGTTCCATCCAAG | TGGTCTGCTGCCTGTTGC |
gbpB | Glucan-binding proteins (GBPs) | ATGGCGGTTATGGACACGTT | TTTGGCCACCTTGAACACCT |
gtfC | Glucan production | CTCAACCAACCGCCACTGTT | GGTTTAACGTCAAAATTAGCTGTATTAGC |
vicR | Two-component regulatory system | CGTCTAGTTCTGGTAACATTAAGTCCAATA | TGACACGATTACAGCCTTTGATG |
16S rRNA | Normalizing internal standard | CTTACCAGGTCTTGACATCCCG | ACCCAACATCTCACGACACGAG |