1. Lahtinen P, Kokki H, Hynynen M. Pain after cardiac surgery: a prospective cohort study of 1-year incidence and intensity. Anesthesiology. 2006; 105(4):794–800.
2. Choi HY, Lee EK. Market analysis of narcotic analgesics in Korea using HIRA claims data. J Korean Acad Manag Care Pharm. 2015; 4(1):31–37.
3. Prather JC, Lobach DF, Goodwin LK, Hales JW, Hage ML, Hammond WE. Medical data mining: knowledge discovery in a clinical data warehouse. Proc AMIA Annu Fall Symp. 1997; 1997:101–105.
4. Sahut D'Izarn M, Caumont Prim A, Planquette B, Revel MP, Avillach P, Chatellier G, et al. Risk factors and clinical outcome of unsuspected pulmonary embolism in cancer patients: a case-control study. J Thromb Haemost. 2012; 10(10):2032–2038.
5. Nishida Y, Takahashi Y, Nakayama T, Soma M, Asai S. Comparative effect of olmesartan and candesartan on lipid metabolism and renal function in patients with hypertension: a retrospective observational study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2011; 10:74.
6. Kassin MT, Owen RM, Perez SD, Leeds I, Cox JC, Schnier K, et al. Risk factors for 30-day hospital readmission among general surgery patients. J Am Coll Surg. 2012; 215(3):322–330.
7. Edlund MJ, Steffick D, Hudson T, Harris KM, Sullivan M. Risk factors for clinically recognized opioid abuse and dependence among veterans using opioids for chronic non-cancer pain. Pain. 2007; 129(3):355–362.
8. Grams ME, Sang Y, Coresh J, Ballew S, Matsushita K, Molnar MZ, et al. Acute kidney injury after major surgery: a retrospective analysis of veterans health administration data. Am J Kidney Dis. 2016; 67(6):872–880.
9. Yoo S, Hwang H, Jheon S. Hospital information systems: experience at the fully digitized Seoul National University Bundang Hospital. J Thorac Dis. 2016; 8:Suppl 8. S637–S641.
10. Kehlet H, Jensen TS, Woolf CJ. Persistent postsurgical pain: risk factors and prevention. Lancet. 2006; 367(9522):1618–1625.
11. Wu CL, Raja SN. Treatment of acute postoperative pain. Lancet. 2011; 377(9784):2215–2225.
12. Alston RP, Pechon P. Dysaesthesia associated with sternotomy for heart surgery. Br J Anaesth. 2005; 95(2):153–158.
13. Peters ML, Sommer M, de Rijke JM, Kessels F, Heineman E, Patijn J, et al. Somatic and psychologic predictors of long-term unfavorable outcome after surgical intervention. Ann Surg. 2007; 245:487–494.
14. Ip HY, Abrishami A, Peng PW, Wong J, Chung F. Predictors of postoperative pain and analgesic consumption: a qualitative systematic review. Anesthesiology. 2009; 111(3):657–677.
15. Choiniere M, Watt-Watson J, Victor JC, Baskett RJ, Bussieres JS, Carrier M, et al. Prevalence of and risk factors for persistent postoperative nonanginal pain after cardiac surgery: a 2-year prospective multicentre study. CMAJ. 2014; 186(7):E213–E223.
16. Walther T, Falk V, Metz S, Diegeler A, Battellini R, Autschbach R, et al. Pain and quality of life after minimally invasive versus conventional cardiac surgery. Ann Thorac Surg. 1999; 67(6):1643–1647.