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Hwang, Kwon, Lee, Kim, Kim, and Lee: A study on the processing of dental ceramic composites by using laser
Original Article

The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics 2019; 57(1): 1-7.

Published online: 22 January 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4047/jkap.2019.57.1.1

A study on the processing of dental ceramic composites by using laser

Junho Hwang1, 2, Sung-Min Kwon2, ChanWoo Lee2, HyunDeok Kim2, 3, Im-Sun Kim5, Kyu-Bok Lee1, 4

1Department of Dental Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.

2Institute of Advanced Convergence Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.

3School of Electronics Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.

4Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.

5Department of Dental Technology, Daegu Health College, Daegu, Republic of Korea.

Corresponding Author: Kyu-Bok Lee. Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, A3DI, Kyungpook National University, 2175 Dalgubuldaero, Jung-gu, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea. +82 (0)53 600 7674: kblee@knu.ac.kr

Received 14 August 2018       Revised 2 September 2018       Accepted 8 September 2018

© 2019 The Korean Academy of Prosthodontics

The Korean Academy of Prosthodontics

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The laser processability of dental prosthesis is investigated using two ceramic composites, including 3M, Lava Ultimate and Ivoclar vivadent, IPS e.max.

Materials and methods

The CO2 laser, picosecond laser and femtosecond laser are used to assess the processing power of dental prosthetic materials Lava Ultimate and IPS e.max and the line processing shape was measured using a confocal microscope.

Results

The brittleness, carbonization and micro crack of the ceramic composite were influenced by heat accumulation of the material and could be controlled by the laser power and pulse time.

Conclusion

In the case of CO2 lasers, micro crack and carbonation occurred immediately, and in the picosecond laser processing, the micro cracks are partially improved, but the carbonization occurs continuously. Finally, we confirmed the high efficiency of laser processing with femtosecond laser. In particular, Lava Ultimate, a ceramic resin composite material, showed the best processability when processed using a femtosecond laser.

Keywords: Dental ceramic composites, Laser processing, Picosecond laser, Femtosecond laser, CO2 laser

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

Patent trend of laser milling development field (Unpublicized patent existence 2016 – 2017). Research on the patent trends of laser milling (DAEA Intellectual Property Consulting).

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Fig. 2

Comparison of tool milling and laser milling. (A) Roland, (B) Dental wings.

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Table 1

Laser specifications used in the experiment

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Table 2

Characteristics of experimental dental ceramic composites

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Table 3

Processing conditions by laser type

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Table 4

Processing pattern and specifications of confocal microscope

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Table 5

Processing of the line shape using CO2 laser

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Table 6

Processing and precise measurement of the line shape after picosecond laser (3M Lava Ultimate)

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Table 7

Processing and precise measurement of the line shape after picosecond laser (IPS e.max)

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Table 8

Processing and precise measurement of the line shape after femtosecond laser (3M Lava Ultimate)

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Table 9

Processing and precise measurement of the line shape after femtosecond laser (IPS e.max)

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Table 10

Summary of laser processing characteristics by dental ceramic composites

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Note. ◎: Excellent, ○: Good, △: Fair, X: Unable to process.

References

1. Moon YH, Lee J, Lee MG. Shear bond strength of dental CAD-CAM hybrid restorative materials repaired with composite resin. J Korean Acad Prosthodont. 2016; 54:193–202.
crossref
2. Poticny DJ. A new class of CAD/CAM material. Dent Products Rep. 2011; 45:80–82.
3. Hatch T. Replace PFMs: Ivoclar Vivadent's IPS e.max CAD/CAM ceramic blocks help provide strength, shade versatility. Dent Products Rep. 2013; 47:84–85. 87
4. Bae M, Kim K, Park J. High precision / high quality laser processing of ceramic materials. Korean Soc Mech Eng. 2017; 1733–1738.
5. Kim S, Son IB, Jeong S. Precision microprocessing of ceramic by using femtosecond laser. Korean Soc Mech Eng. 2011; 5:26–28.
6. Kim DS, Oh BK. Numerical analysis of femtosecond laser material processing. J Korean Soc Precis Eng. 2006; 23:48–55.
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ORCID iDs

Junho Hwang
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6406-4770

Sung-Min Kwon
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0015-3985

ChanWoo Lee
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6750-6880

HyunDeok Kim
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3195-5438

Im-Sun Kim
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2546-0287

Kyu-Bok Lee
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1838-7229

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