Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms in Patients with Parkinson's Disease According to Cognitive Function

Im-Tae Han; Choong Kun Ha; Chang-Gi Hong; Jun Yong Choi; Jong-Hyun Ahn; Jeong Jin Park; Na Young Ryoo; Byung-Nam Yoon; Seong Hye Choi

doi:10.12779/dnd.2012.11.3.104

Journal List > Dement Neurocogn Disord > v.11(3) > 1120788

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Han, Ha, Hong, Choi, Ahn, Park, Ryoo, Yoon, and Choi: Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms in Patients with Parkinson's Disease According to Cognitive Function

Original Article

Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders

Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders 2012; 11(3): 104-110.

Published online: 30 September 2012

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12779/dnd.2012.11.3.104

Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms in Patients with Parkinson's Disease According to Cognitive Function

Im-Tae Han, M.D., Choong Kun Ha, M.D., Chang-Gi Hong, M.D., Jun Yong Choi, M.D., Jong-Hyun Ahn, M.D., Jeong Jin Park, M.D., Na Young Ryoo, M.D., Byung-Nam Yoon, M.D., Seong Hye Choi, M.D.

Department of Neurology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.

Address for correspondence: Seong Hye Choi, MD. Department of Neurology, Inha University School of Medicine, 27 Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon 400-711, Korea. Tel: +82-32-890-3659, Fax: +82-32-890-3864, seonghye@inha.ac.kr

Received 26 June 2012 Revised 7 August 2012 Accepted 7 August 2012

Abstract

Background

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and nonmotor symptoms such as cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate the spectrum of neuropsychiatric symptoms in PD according to cognitive function.

Methods

One hundred twenty seven patients with PD were consecutively recruited. They had undergone an intensive interview with a neurologist and the Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery-dementia version, and were divided into three groups: 27 patients in PD with normal cognition (PDNC), 57 in PD with mild cognitive impairment (PDMCI), and 43 in PD with Dementia (PDD). Forty five healthy controls without memory complaints were also recruited. The caregivers of all participants administered the Caregiver-Administered Neuropsychiatric Inventory (CGA-NPI).

Results

There were significant differences in the CGA-NPI score (22.8±20.9 vs. 6.4±10.1 vs. 1.7±3.9 vs. 1.0±1.6, p<0.001), and the prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms (100% vs. 64.9% vs. 37.0% vs. 44.4%, p<0.001) among PDD, PDMCI, PDNC and control groups. Depression was the most common symptom (43.3%), followed by anxiety (31.5%), apathy (26.8%), and night-time behavior (26.8%) in all PD patients. Delusion, hallucination, and aberrant motor behavior were observed frequently in PDD, but were rare in PDMCI.

Conclusions

Depression was the most common neuropsychiatric symptom in PD. The presence of delusion, hallucination, or aberrant motor behavior may suggest PDD. The neuropsychiatric symptoms were not prevalent in PD with normal cognition.

Keywords: Parkinson's disease, Cognitive impairment, Neuropsychiatric symptoms

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

Prevalence of behavioral and psychiatric symptoms in the patients with dementia associated with Parkinson's disease (PPD), those with PD with mild cognitive impairment (PDMCI), those with PD with normal cognition (PDNC), and normal controls.

^*Items which were significantly different among four groups (p<0.05).

Table 1

Clinical characteristics of the patients with dementia associated with Parkinson's disease (PPD), those with PD with mild cognitive impairment (PDMCI), those with PD with normal cognition (PDNC), and normal controls

^*p<0.05 vs. PDD; ^†p<0.05 vs. PDMCI; ^‡p<0.05 vs. PDNC; ^§p<0.05 vs. Control.

K-MMSE, Korean Mini-Mental State Examination.

Table 2

Subscale scores of CGA-NPI in patients with PDD, PDMCI, and PDNC, and controls

^*p<0.05 vs. PDD; ^†p<0.05 vs. PDMCI; ^‡p<0.05 vs. PDNC; ^§p<0.05 vs. Control.

CGA-NPI, Caregiver-Administered Neuropsychiatric Inventory; PDD, Dementia associated with Parkinson's disease; PDMCI, Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment; PDNC, Parkinson's disease with normal cognition.

Table 3

Prevalence of behavioral and psychiatric symptoms in patients with PDD, PDMCI, and PDNC, and controls

^*p<0.05 vs. PDD; ^†p<0.05 vs. PDMCI; ^‡p<0.05 vs. PDNC; ^§p<0.05 vs. Control; ^∥Proportion with non-zero score; ^¶mild: score of a subscale of CGA-NPI, 1-3; ^**clinically significant: score of a subscale of CGA-NPI≥4.

Values were presented as number (percent). PDD, Dementia associated with Parkinson's disease; PDMCI, Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment; PDNC, Parkinson's disease with normal cognition.

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