Haptoglobin Concentration in the Cord Blood of Uninfected Korean Newborns

Seong Jin Choi; Byoungkook Lee; Kwangjin Ahn; Young Uh

doi:10.14734/PN.2018.29.04.165

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Choi, Lee, Ahn, and Uh: Haptoglobin Concentration in the Cord Blood of Uninfected Korean Newborns

Original Article

Perinatology 2018;29(4):165-169.

Published online: 19 January 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14734/PN.2018.29.04.165

Haptoglobin Concentration in the Cord Blood of Uninfected Korean Newborns

Seong Jin Choi, MD¹, Byoungkook Lee, MD², Kwangjin Ahn, MD³, Young Uh, MD³

¹Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju;

²Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju

³Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea

Correspondence to Young Uh, MD Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20 Ilsan-ro, Wonju 26426, Korea Tel: +82-33-741-1592 Fax: +82-33-731-0506 E-mail: u931018@yonsei.ac.kr

Received 29 July 201816 September 2018 Accepted 8 October 2018

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Objective

Highly sensitive haptoglobin measurement should be used in neonates because the haptoglobin concentration in neonates is lower than that of adults. The aim of this study was to establish the reference values of haptoglobin levels in the cord blood of uninfected neonates.

Methods

The cord blood of 29 preterm and 51 term babies was collected, and data from the mother and the newborn were recorded. The haptoglobin concentrations of 80 cord blood samples were simultaneously measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; Assaypro, St Charles, MO, USA) and immunoturbidimetry assay (Roche Diagnostics, Basel, Switzerland). C-reactive protein (CRP) was also measured by immunoturbidimetry assay (Roche Diagnostics, Switzerland).

Results

Mean values of CRP and ELISA haptoglobin were not significantly different between preterm and term babies. The 2.5 percentile and 97.5 percentile values of ELISA haptoglobin concentration were as follows: 80 neonates, 0.01 mg/dL and 0.59 mg/dL; 29 preterm babies, 0.08 mg/dL and 0.18 mg/dL; and 51 term babies, 0.07 mg/dL and 0.23 mg/dL. There were no differences in ELISA haptoglobin concentration according to maternal underlying diseases, delivery method, usage of antibiotics or steroids before delivery, gestational age, gender of baby, or twin gestation.

Conclusion

A highly sensitive haptoglobin method should be used to determine the haptoglobin concentration in Korean newborns because the reference values of cord blood haptoglobin concentration in Korean newborns are less than the lower detection limit for commonly used immuno-turbidimetric haptoglobin measurement methods.

Keywords: Cord blood, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Haptoglobins, Immunoturbidimetry, Newborn

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Fig. 1.

Box and whisker plot displaying the distribution of haptoglobin concentrations measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (e-haptoglobin). In the plot diagram, the central rectangle is the interquartile range, the whiskers above and below the box show the locations of the minimum and maximum excluding outliers, the line within the box marks the median, and + symbol means the mean of e-haptoglobin.

Table 1.

Demographic Characteristics of 80 Newborns

Demographic characteristics	No. (%) of neonates
Demographic characteristics	Preterm	Term	Total
Cases	29 (36.3)	51 (63.8)	80 (100)
Gender
Male	13 (44.8)	29 (56.9)	42 (52.5)
Female	16 (55.2)	22 (43.1)	38 (47.5)
Delivery mode
Cesarean section	21 (72.4)	35 (68.6)	56 (70.0)
Vaginal delivery	8 (27.6)	16 (31.4)	24 (30.0)
Rupture of amniotic membrane
Spontaneous	14 (48.3)	15 (29.4)	29 (36.3)
No spontaneous	15 (51.7)	36 (70.6)	51 (63.7)
Twins
Yes	6 (20.7)	6 (11.8)	12 (15.0)
No	23 (79.3)	45 (88.2)	68 (85.0)
Maternal underlying diseases
Yes	8 (27.6)	15 (29.4)	23 (28.8)
No	21 (72.4)	36 (70.6)	57 (71.2)
Maternal usage of antibiotics
Yes	21 (72.4)	18 (35.3)	39 (48.8)
No	8 (27.6)	33 (64.7)	41 (51.2)
Maternal usage of steroids
Yes	20 (69.0)	0 (0)	20 (25.0)
No	9 (31.0)	51 (100)	60 (75.0)
Gestational age (week)	34±2.4	38±1.1	37±2.7
Newborn weight (g)	2,192±562	3,146±456	2,801±676

Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%).

Table 2.

Haptoglobin Concentration According to Demographic Characteristics of 80 Newborns

Demographic characteristics	Haptoglobin concentration (mg/dL) by measurement method
	ITM	ELISA		P-value by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test∗	P-value of difference
	ITM	Mean±SD	Percentile (2.5-97.5%)	P-value by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test∗	P-value of difference
Gestational week					0.806
Preterm	<10^†	0.13±0.13	0.08-0.18	0.038
Term	<10	0.15±0.28	0.07-0.23	<0.001
Gender					0.176
Male	<10	0.18±0.30	0.08-0.27	<0.001
Female	<10	0.11±0.13	0.07-0.15	<0.001
Delivery mode					0.140
Cesarean section	<10	0.16±0.27	0.09-0.23	<0.001
Vaginal	<10	0.10±0.14	0.05-0.16	<0.001
Rupture of amniotic membrane					0.135
No spontaneous	<10	0.17±0.28	0.09-0.25	<0.001
Spontaneous	<10	0.10±0.13	0.05-0.15	<0.001
Number of fetus					0.936
Singleton	<10	0.15±0.25	0.09-0.21	<0.001
Twin	<10	0.11±0.09	0.05-0.17	0.200
Maternal chronic disease					0.325
No	<10	0.11±0.11	0.08-0.14	<0.001
Yes	<10	0.22±0.40	0.05-0.40	<0.001
Maternal usage of antibiotics					0.292
No	<10	0.15±0.31	0.05-0.25	<0.001
Yes	<10	0.14±0.13	0.09-0.18	0.004
Maternal usage of steroids					0.594
No	<10	0.16±0.27	0.09-0.23	<0.001
Yes	<10	0.10±0.09	0.06-0.14	0.010
Total	<10	0.14±0.24	0.01-0.59	<0.001

Abbreviations: ITM, immunoturbidimetry; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; SD, standard deviation.

^∗ P values between ITM and ELISA.

^† Lower detection limit of haptoglobin measured by immunoturbidimetry (COBAS 8000; Roche Diagnostics, Basel, Switzerland) was 10 mg/dL.

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