To call attention to the neurovascular injuries in supracondylar fractures of the humerus and to provide an outline of the treatment, the authors have analysed 149 supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children, who were treated with closed or open reduction at Won Kwang University Hospital from April 1984 to April 1990 and obtained the following results;The overall incidence of neurovascular injuries appeared to be around 12%. Nerve injuries occurred with 10.7% of the fractures with the radial and median nerves being most common. Vascular injuries occured with 4.7%. Neurovascular injuries occurred in extension type of injuries and frequently in high type or high grade of fractures. Radial nerve injuries frequently occurred in posteromedial displacement of distal fragment;Median nerve, posterolateral displacement;Vascular injuries, posterior or posterolateral displacement. Neural recovery occurred in 3 weeks to 4 months postinjury and exploration should be delayed at least that long. If adequate circulation distal to the fracture did not return after manipulation and reduction, fasciotomy in the forearm or exploration of the brachial artery in the antecubital fossa were necessary.