The carpal tunnel syndroms is the most common peripheral nerve entrapment syndrome. The typical symptom is pain, numbness and paresthesia in the median nerve territory of the hand and progressive thenar atrophy. When the symptom is mild and its duration is short, conservative treatment such as splinting or local steroid injection is considered, but when neurological deficit is promiment and conservative treatment is not effective, surgical decompression is indicated.Authors reviewed 15 patients (23 cases) of carpal tunnel syndrome treated with surgical decomression at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyung-pook National University Hospital from March 1983 to October 1988. The follow up results are as follows; 1. Preoperatively, Tinel sign was present in 17 cases. Phalen test was positive in 17 cases. Sensory disturbance was present in 8 cases. Thenar muscle atrophy was present in 19 cases. Motor weakness was present in 13 cases. 2. Preoperatively, delay of motor conduction velocity of median nerve was noted in 15 cases (65.2%) and sensory nerve conduction velocity in 20 cases (86.9%). Denervation findings such as fibrillation or sharp waves were seen in 15 cases (65.2%). 3. The operative findings were as follows; Synovial hypertrophy in 12 cases, hypertrophy of transcarpal ligament in 4 cases, pseudoneuroma in 3 cases, ganglion in 2 cases, neurilemmoma in 1 case, gout in 1 case. 4. As the operative findings, median nerve had evidence of compression beneath the transcarpal ligament, consisting of flattening. narrowing and decreased epineurial vascularity. 5. External neurolysis was performed in all cases. 6. In case of long duration and severe thenar atrophy, internal neurolysis would be recommendable. 7. Fllow up period was ranged from 7 months to 6 years. 8. 19 cases (82.6%) were excellent or good results.