For the study of the relationship between congenital spinal canal stenosis and neurological injury associated with fracture and dislocation of cervical spine, 61 patients of cervical spine injuries with and without neurological changes were evaluated. Neurological changes were evaluated by motor index score and Frankel grade, and the degree of spinal stenosis were evaluated by anteroposterior spinal canal diameter and canal-body ratio at the lesion site. 1. Frankel A and B grade paralysis were observed in 10 patients (52.6%) among 19 patients with canal diameter of less than 14mm, and in 9 patients (21.4%) among 42 patients with canal diameter of more than 14mm (P<0.05). 2. Frankel A and B grade paralysis were observed in 14 patients (53.8%) among 26 patients with C-B ratio of less than 0.8, and 5 patients (14.3%) among 35 patients with the ratio of more than 0.8 (P<0.01). 3. Average canal diameter and C-B ratio were 14.9mm and 0.78 in 30 patients of Frankel A, B & C group, and 16.4mm and 0.88 in 31 patients of Frankel D & E group, respectively (P<0.05). 4. Average recovery rates of neurological injury which were evaluated by motor index score were 69.3% in 13 patients with the canal diameter of 14mm or less, and 88.8% in 29 patients with the canal diameter of above 14mm (P<0.05). 5. Average recovery rate of neurological injury were 64.7% in 20 patients with C-B ratio of less than 0.8 and 94.8% in 22 patients with that of 0.8 or more (P<0.001). It was concluded that the severity of neurological injury and the recovery rate were influenced by the presence of cervical spinal canal stenosis.