Since researches and clinical experiences up to now provide us with little helps in predicting what type of spinal tuberculosis will result in good healing by chemotherapy alone without kyphosis or with minimum kyphosis, it seems impractical to await natural healing with unsightly kyphosis. Therefore, my opinion is that surgery to achieve early cure and to correct and/or prevent kyphosis is desirable. The two-stage operation -combination of posterior instrumentation and radical surgery is a product of our strenuous efforts to solve the problem, and is also one of our manifestations of “Prostest against defeatism” to the ever-unsolved problem in the management of spinal tuberculosis. Two-stage operation in 34 patients with active dorsal and lumbar tuberculosis were performed. The average age of patients was 33 years (range 6 to 52 years). The follow-up ranged from 12 months to 8 years 6 months with an average of 4 years and 1 months. The affected vertebrae were in the region from 7th thoracic to 5th lumbar spine. In 23 patients double Harrington distraction roddings plus radical surgery, in 4 patients Harrington rodding plus sublaminar wiring and radical surgery, and in 7 patients Luque rodding plus radical surgery were done. In a child, aged 6 years, two Steinmann pins were used as rods which were fixed to spine with sublaminar wires. The cord was not monitored during the surgery. Recently patients are allowed to walk around the ward 7-10 dsys after posterior instrumentation, and also after anterior redical surgery as the second-stage operation without external support. The results are as follows :1. The preoperative kyphosis angle was 34 degrees on an average and the post-operative angle averaged 18.5 degrees. The degree of the maximum correction was 34: However, there was loss of 2.1 degrees of the corrected kyphotic angle during the observation period. The actual angle of correction was 13.4 degrees on an average in these patients, and the loss of correction was negligible. 2. Solid bony consolidation of the graft to the bed was obtained in 4 months (range : 3–6 months). Posterior instrumentation could arrest the disease esrly and prompt the graft to take and its consolidation in a mass. 3. By the two-stage procedure, the width and/or the extent of anterior radical surgery could be minimized, and also during graft bed preparation the unaffected adjacent discs and the remaining vertebrae in the focus could be saved. Patients could be mobilized earlier after posterior instrumentation surgery than ones having other types of Surgppy 4. In this series there were no neurological complications in any cases. 5. Only in a patient having a lesion in the L4-5, the caudal hook dislodged. The cause of hook dislodgement was insecure fixation of the hooks, and also was attributed to early patient mobilization after surgery. Through this study it was found that internal immobilization of the affected vertebrae by posterior instrumentation was helpful for :1) Arresting the disease by providing local rest 2) Preventing the progress of kyphosis 3) Correcting the pre-existing kyphosis and 4) Satisfying the cosmetic and aesthetic demands of patients with kyphosis and their parents.