To describe long-term clinical results and serial changes in the postoperative range of motion (ROM) after arthroscopic treatment for a limitation of motion (LOM) of the elbow.

Sixty-three patients with LOM of the elbow were treated with arthroscopic procedures. The follow-up period averaged 42.5 months.

The total ROM was 79.3degrees C preoperatively. From the first and second week after the operation, the ROM showed a progressive increase up to six months postoperatively (mean 109.2degrees C at 3 months and mean 118.4degrees C at 6 months follow-up). Then the ROM continued to increase slowly for a total of 1 year after the operation (mean 121.5degrees C). However, after one year postoperative, the ROM showed little further increase. The ROM acquired during surgery (mean 121.9degrees C) was usually the same range achieved by patients during the rehabilitation period (mean 122.8degrees C at an average of 42.5 months follow-up). Patients with post-traumatic stiffness had more severe flexion contracture and decreased total ROM (73.1degrees C) than those with degenerative stiffness (85.7degrees C) preoperatively. But no significant difference existed in the postoperative total ROM (post-traumatic stiffness, 122.8degrees C and degenerative stiffness, 120.5degrees C).

Based on our experience, 94% of the patients obtained functional ROM after arthroscopic procedures. The minimally invasive nature of elbow arthroscopy is a safe, reproducible and effective procedure for LOM of the elbow with minimal morbidity.