The Effect of the Intergenerational Exchange Program for Older Adults and Young Children in the Community Using the Traditional Play

Min-Jung Choi; Kyeong-Yae Sohng

doi:10.4040/jkan.2018.48.6.743

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Choi and Sohng: The Effect of the Intergenerational Exchange Program for Older Adults and Young Children in the Community Using the Traditional Play

Original Article

J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(6):743-753.

Published online: 15 January 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.6.743

The Effect of the Intergenerational Exchange Program for Older Adults and Young Children in the Community Using the Traditional Play

Min-Jung Choi, Kyeong-Yae Sohng

College of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea

Address reprint requests to : Sohng, Kyeong-Yae Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea Tel: +82-2-2258-7410 Fax: +82-2-2258-7772 E-mail: sky@catholic.ac.kr

Received 5 September 2018 Revised 7 December 2018 Accepted 10 December 2018

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NoDerivs License. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0) If the original work is properly cited and retained without any modification or reproduction, it can be used and re-distributed in any format and medium.

Abstract

Purpose

This study aimed to explore the effects of a community-based first and third Intergenerational Exchange Program (IGEP) on older adults’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL), loneliness, depression, and walking speed, and on 4~5-year-old preschool children's learning-related social skills.

Methods

This study employed a non-equivalent control group pre-post-test design. The experimental group included 42 older adults and 42 children who participated in the IGEP for 8 weeks, and the control group included 39 older adults. The experimental group participated in the IGEP once a week for 8 weeks. It comprised a traditional play program based on the intergroup contact theory.

Results

Compared to the control group, there was a significant increase in scores on the HRQoL-Visual analogue scale (VAS) and a decrease in loneliness and depression in older adults in the experimental group (p<.05). Children who participated in the IGEP showed an improvement in their learning-related social skills (p<.001).

Conclusion

These results confirm that the IGEP is an effective intervention to improve HRQoL-VAS, loneliness, and depression among older adults and learning-related social skills among preschool children in the community.

Keywords: Intergenerational Relations, Quality of Life, Loneliness, Depression, Social Skills

References

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Figure 1.

Flowchart showing recruitment and follow-up of participants.

Table 1.

Intergenerational Exchange Program

Stage	Duration (min)	Program contents	Contact theory strategies
Introduction	5	- Greeting	- Support from authority
		- Introduction to programs	- Common goal
		- Sharing social history and experiences about programs	- Opportunity for friendship
Main activity	20	Traditional cooking (Odd week)	- Support from authority
		Dasik: Cookies of grain flour dyed with honey and patterned	- Cooperation
		Injulmi: Bean powder coated rice cake with dried persimmons	- Equal group status
		Gaffie rice cake stuffed with bean jam	- Opportunity for friendship
		Kimchi using persimmon, pear, and radish mixed with chili powder
		Traditional art therapy (Even week)
		Taking a fingerprint on a cotton cloth
		Making a pinwheel
		Making ojami
		Making a crown with acorn leaves
	20	Traditional play (1st~8th week)
		Blindman’s buff
		Choo-Choo play
		Tug-of-war
		Kicking the rubber shoes in the traditional basket
		Ttakji-chigi: A game of slap-match
		Throwing ojami into animal picture board
		Ganggangsulae: A traditional Korean circle dance
		Dansimjul play: People hold twelve strands of cloth around a long rope, twisting and loosening it repeatedly.
Conclusion	5	-Snacks	- Opportunity for friendship
		-Share feelings
		-Hug
		-Crossing little fingers with each other

Table 2.

Homogeneity Test of General Characteristics and Outcome Variables in Pre-Test

Characteristics			Exp. (n=42)	Cont. (n=39)	t or χ² or Z	p
Characteristics			M±SD or n (%)		t or χ² or Z	p
Elderly	Age (yr)		80.50±5.00	81.03±6.45	-0.41	.682
(n=81)	Gender	Male	3 (7.1)	1 (2.6)		.269^†
		Female	39 (92.9)	38 (97.4)
	Education	Illiteracy	16 (38.1)	19 (48.7)	1.42	.493
		Elementary school	17 (40.5)	15 (38.5)
		≥Middle school	9 (21.4)	5 (12.8)
	Religion	Yes	30 (71.4)	22 (56.4)	1.98	.173
		No	12 (28.6)	17 (43.6)
	Economic status	Low	6 (14.3)	12 (30.8)		.188^†
		Middle	31 (73.8)	25 (64.1)
		High	5 (11.9)	2 (5.1)
	Perceived health	Not healthy	17 (40.5)	22 (56.4)	2.07	.356
		Moderate	18 (42.8)	12 (30.8)
		Healthy	7 (16.7)	5 (12.8)
	Living with Family	Yes	33 (78.6)	24 (61.5)	0.14	.076
		No	9 (21.4)	15 (38.5)
	Grandchild	Yes	41 (97.6)	37 (94.9)		.606^†
		No	1 (2.4)	2 (5.1)
	HRQoL index		0.86±0.09	0.83±0.10	-1.42	.155^††
	HRQoL-VAS		66.79±14.28	65.74±18.51	-0.25	.803
	Loneliness		32.81±8.28	34.77±8.56	-1.03	.302
	Depression		4.88±3.83	5.95±3.59	-1.45	.146
	Walking speed (sec)		5.31±1.72	6.23±2.40	-1.73	.084^††
Children	Age (yr)		4.29±0.46
(n=42)	Gender	Male	19 (45.2)
		Female	23 (54.8)
	Learning-related social skill		131.05±19.69

Cont.=Control group; Exp.=Experimental group; HRQoL=Health-related quality of life; M=Mean; SD=Standard deviation; VAS=Visual analogue scale.

^† Fisher’s exact test;

^†† Mann-Whitney U test.

Table 3.

Comparison of Variables among Groups

Variables			Pre-test	Post-test	t or Z (p)	t or Z (p)
Variables			M±SD		t or Z (p)	t or Z (p)
Elderly (n=81)	HRQoL index	Exp. (n=42)	0.86±0.09	0.89±0.09	-2.47^† (.014)	-1.15^†† (.252)
		Cont. (n=39)	0.83±0.10	0.81±0.17	-0.45^† (.657)
	HRQoL-VAS	Exp. (n=42)	66.79±14.28	75.43±18.90	3.71 (.001)	2.35 (.021)
		Cont. (n=39)	65.74±18.51	63.85±25.27	-0.56 (.580)
	Loneliness	Exp. (n=42)	32.81±8.28	29.36±8.37	-2.50 (.016)	-2.10 (.039)
		Cont. (n=39)	34.77±8.56	35.85±9.77	0.64 (.525)
	Depression	Exp. (n=42)	4.88±3.83	2.95±2.91	-3.33 (.002)	-2.37 (.020)
		Cont. (n=39)	5.95±3.59	6.00±3.73	0.09 (.933)
	Walking speed (sec)	Exp. (n=42)	5.31±1.72	5.25±1.35	-0.35^† (.724)	-1.73^†† (.083)
		Cont. (n=39)	6.23±2.40	6.49±2.65	-2.37^† (.018)
Children (n=42)	Learning-related social skill	Exp. (n=42)	131.05±19.69	142.79±19.84		3.79 (<.001)

Cont.=Control group; Exp.=Experimental group; HRQoL=Health-related quality of life; M=Mean; SD=Standard deviation; VAS=Visual analogue scale.

^† Wilcoxon’s signed rank test;

^†† Mann-Whitney U test.

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