Factors affecting objective and subjective masticatory ability assessment of Korean elderly people

Hyo-Jung Jung; Yong-Guang Min; Hyo-Jung Kim; Joo-Young Lee; Eun-Song Lee; Baek-Il Kim; Hyung-Joon Ahn

doi:10.11149/jkaoh.2018.42.4.216

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Jung, Min, Kim, Lee, Lee, Kim, and Ahn: Factors affecting objective and subjective masticatory ability assessment of Korean elderly people

Original Article

Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health 2018; 42(4): 216-223.

Published online: 28 December 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11149/jkaoh.2018.42.4.216

Factors affecting objective and subjective masticatory ability assessment of Korean elderly people

Hyo-Jung Jung¹, Yong-Guang Min¹, Hyo-Jung Kim^2,³, Joo-Young Lee^2,³, Eun-Song Lee^2,³, Baek-Il Kim^2,³, Hyung-Joon Ahn¹

¹Department of Orofacial Pain & Oral Medicine, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.

²Department of Preventive Dentistry & Public Oral Health, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.

³BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.

Corresponding Author: Hyung-Joon Ahn. Department of Orofacial Pain & Oral Medicine, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea. Tel: +82-2-2228-3112, Fax: +82-2-393-5673, hjahn@yuhs.ac

Received 22 November 2018 Revised 18 December 2018 Accepted 20 December 2018

Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health

(open-access):

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Objectives

The purpose of the study was to investigate factors affecting the assessment of objective and subjective masticatory ability in the elderly, and to evaluate masticatory ability assessment more accurately.

Methods

A total of 112 participants were recruited after oral examination in senior citizen welfare facilities. The participants' masticatory ability was evaluated objectively (Mixing ability index; MAI), and subjectively (Key food intake ability; KFIA). Participants' general characteristics and oral health-related variables were also recorded. Based on masticatory ability assessment, participants were classified as either high or low. IBM SPSS Statistics Ver.23.0 was used for all analyses, including descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman rank correlation, and Logistic regression analysis.

Results

Higher masticatory ability was positively correlated with higher scores on MAI and KFIA. Additionally, there was a significant positive correlation between MAI and KFIA. When analyzing factors affecting objective and subjective masticatory ability assessments, Functional tooth units (FTUs) were revealed as a related factor. In subjective masticatory ability assessment, oral moisture, difficulty in chewing, and the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) were also influential factors.

Conclusions

In order to accurately assess masticatory ability, it is necessary to use both objective and subjective measures. Additionally, to improve the masticatory ability in the elderly, treatment should be provided to improve overall oral health and satisfaction.

Keywords: Mastication, Masticatory ability, MAI, KFIA, Oral health, Elderly

Figures and Tables

Table 1

Differences of masticatory ability according to objective and subjective assessment

Values are presented as n (%) or mean±standard deviation.

MAI, mixing ability index; KFIA, Key food intake ability; FTUs, functional tooth units; RSST, repetitive saliva swallowing test; GOHAI, geriatric oral health assessment index.

^†Chi-square test, ^‡Mann-Whitney U test.

Table 2

Correlation among the MAI, KFIA and other variables

MAI, mixing ability index; KFIA, Key food intake ability; FTUs, functional tooth units; RSST, repetitive saliva swallowing test; GOHAI, geriatric oral health assessment index.

Spearman rank correlation, ^*P<0.05, ^**P<0.01.

Table 3

Logistic regression analysis of factor associated with MAI

OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence intervals; FTUs, functional tooth units; RSST, repetitive saliva swallowing test; GOHAI, geriatric oral health assessment index.

Table 4

Logistic regression analysis of factor associated with KFIA

OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence intervals; FTUs, functional tooth units; RSST, repetitive saliva swallowing test; GOHAI, geriatric oral health assessment index.

Notes

This work was supported by Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture and Forestry(IPET) through High Value-added Food Technology Development Program, funded by Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs(MAFRA) (316071031HD020).

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