Effects of Dietary Habits on Sleep Duration in Korean Adolescents: Based on Results from the 2016 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey

Narae Kang; Namhee Kim; Bo Gyeong Lee

doi:10.12799/jkachn.2018.29.4.440

Journal List > J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs > v.29(4) > 1110660

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Kang, Kim, and Lee: Effects of Dietary Habits on Sleep Duration in Korean Adolescents: Based on Results from the 2016 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey

Original Article

J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs 2018;29(4):440-449.

Published online: 12 December 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2018.29.4.440

Effects of Dietary Habits on Sleep Duration in Korean Adolescents: Based on Results from the 2016 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey

Narae Kang¹, Namhee Kim², Bo Gyeong Lee³

¹Doctoral Student, Department of Nursing, Inha University, Incheon, Korea

²Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing, Hanseo University, Seosan, Korea

³Assistant Professor, College of Nursing, Research Institute of Nursing Science, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu, Korea

Corresponding author: Lee, Bo Gyeong College of Nursing, Daegu Catholic University, 33 Duryugongwon-ro, 17-gil, Nam-gu, Daegu 42472, Korea. Tel: +82-53-650-3621, Fax: +82-53-650-4392, E-mail: leebbo03@gmail.com

Received 1 June 2018 Revised 10 September 2018 Accepted 28 September 2018

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to identify the dietary habits of Korean adolescents and to investigate their effects on sleep duration.

Methods

This study is a secondary analysis drawn from the 2016 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey (N=65,528). ANCOVA was used to determine the relationship between dietary habits and sleep duration. Ordinal logistic regression was used to find out the effects of dietary habits on sleep duration adjusted for general characteristics and behavioral characteristics.

Results

The group that consumed no breakfast (AOR=0.89, p<.001) had less sufficient sleep duration than those who had breakfast 7 times per week. The group that had drunk no milk (AOR=0.88, p<.001) had less sufficient sleep duration than those who enjoyed it 5 times per week. On the contrary, the groups that had no soda drinks (AOR=1.18, p=.015), caffeine drinks (AOR=1.77, p<.001), and sweet drinks (AOR=1.25, p<.001) were more likely to have sufficient sleep duration than the groups that consumed those beverages 5 times per week.

Conclusion

It is important to educate adolescents about healthy eating habits including drinks and optimal sufficient sleep duration through a multidisciplinary approach.

Keywords: Adolescent, Sleep, Diet

References

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Table 1.

General Characteristics and Behavioral Characteristics (N=63,741)

Variables	Characteristics	Categories	n (%) or M±SD
General characteristics	Age (year)		14.99±1.74
	Gender	Male	32,904 (51.6)
		Female	30,837 (48.4)
	Grade	Middle school	31,416 (49.3)
		High school	32,325 (50.7)
	Academic achievement	High	24,619 (38.6)
		Middle	18,245 (28.6)
		Low	20,877 (32.8)
	Stress awareness	≤Low	12,754 (20.0)
		Medium	27,463 (43.1)
		≥High	23,524 (36.9)
	BMI (kg/m²)		21.07±3.33
Behavioral characteristics	Physical activity (days a week)		1.88±2.05
Behavioral characteristics	Sitting duration (hours a day)		9.99±5.07

BMI=body mass index.

Table 2.

Dietary Habits and Sleep Duration (N=63,741)

Variables	Categories	n (%) or M±SD
Breakfast^†	None	9,783 (14.9)
	1~2	8,749 (13.4)
	3~6	21,912 (33.4)
	7	25,084 (38.3)
Fruits^‡	None	5,729 (8.7)
	1~2	18,958 (28.9)
	3~6	25,846 (39.4)
	≥7	14,995 (22.9)
Fast food^‡	None	15,241 (23.3)
	1~2	39,553 (60.4)
	3~6	9,974 (15.2)
	≥7	760 (1.2)
Vegetables^‡	None	2,452 (3.7)
	1~2	10,139 (15.5)
	3~6	25,105 (38.3)
	≥7	27,832 (42.5)
Milk^‡	None	10,008 (15.7)
	≤4	26,836 (42.1)
	≥5	26,897 (42.2)
Soda drinks^‡	None	15,493 (24.3)
	≤4	43,101 (67.6)
	≥5	5,147 (8.1)
Caffeine drinks^‡	None	55,185 (86.6)
	≤4	7,602 (11.9)
	≥5	954 (1.5)
Sweet drinks^‡	None	9,885 (15.5)
	≤4	44,467 (69.8)
	≥5	9,389 (14.7)
Sleep duration^§	Sufficient (≥8)	6.37±1.95
	Insufficient (<8)	13,152 (20.1)
		52,376 (79.9)

^† Days a week;

^‡ Times a week;

^§ Hours a day.

Table 3.

Association between Dietary Habits and Sleep Duration (N=63,741)

Variables	Categories	Sleep duration	F^§	p
Variables	Categories	M±SD	F^§	p
Breakfast^†	None^a	6.35±1.97	9.57	<.001
	1~2^b	6.31±1.94	a, b, c<d
	3~6^c	6.34±1.89
	7^d	6.49±1.94
Fruits^‡	None^a	6.32±1.97	6.70	<.001
	1~2^b	6.35±1.90	b, c＞d
	3~6^c	6.42±1.91
	≥7^d	6.43±1.99
Fast food^‡	None^a	6.41±1.99	21.59	<.001
	1~2^b	6.42±1.90	a, b＞c＞d
	3~6^c	6.28±1.94
	≥7^d	5.91±2.23
Vegetables^‡	None^a	6.24±1.96	6.21	<.001
	1~2^b	6.35±1.91	a<c
	3~6^c	6.41±1.89
Milk^‡	≥7^d	6.41±1.97	1.77	.171
	None^a	6.23±1.85
	1~2^b	6.36±1.86
	3~6^c	6.49±2.02
Soda drinks^‡	None^a	6.39±1.93	20.17	<.001
	≤4^b	6.41±1.92	a, b＞c
	≥5^c	6.25±2.03
Caffeine drinks^‡	None^a	6.46±1.91	229.61	<.001
	≤4^b	6.07±1.97	a＞b＞c
	≥5^c	5.31±2.12
Sweet drinks^‡	None^a	6.48±1.99	29.63	<.001
	≤4^b	6.41±1.92	a, b＞c
	≥5^c	6.23±1.93

^† Days a week.

^‡ Times a week.

^§ Bonferroni test; Adjusted for age, gender, grade, academic achievement, stress awareness, BMI, physical activity, and sitting time.

Table 4.

Predictors of Sufficient Sleep Duration among Dietary Habits (N=63,741)

Variables	Categories	Model 1			Model 2			Model 3
Variables	Categories	OR	95% CI	p	AOR	95% CI	p	AOR	95% CI	p
Breakfast^†	None	0.92	0.87~0.98	.004	0.89	0.94~0.95	.001	0.89	0.83~0.95	<.001
	1~2	0.84	0.78~0.89	<.001	0.84	0.78~0.90	<.001	0.83	0.77~0.89	<.001
	3~6	0.80	0.75~0.84	<.001	0.84	0.80~0.88	<.001	0.84	0.79~0.88	<.001
	7	1			1			1
Fruits^‡	None	0.91	0.84~0.98	.015	1.05	0.96~1.15	.267	1.03	0.94~1.13	.507
	1~2	0.85	0.80~0.89	<.001	1.04	0.97~1.10	.272	1.03	0.97~1.10	.307
	3~6	0.93	0.88~0.98	.005	1.03	0.98~1.09	.249	1.03	0.97~1.09	.299
	≥7	1			1			1
Fast food^‡	None	1.26	1.02~1.55	.033	1.02	0.81~1.28	.878	1.01	0.80~1.28	.909
	1~2	1.14	0.93~1.40	.213	1.00	0.80~1.26	.973	1.01	0.80~1.27	.949
	3~6	1.05	0.85~1.30	.646	0.97	0.77~1.21	.761	0.98	0.77~1.23	.834
	≥7	1			1			1
Vegetables^‡	None	0.93	0.83~1.34	.196	0.98	0.87~1.10	.691	0.99	0.88~1.12	.902
	1~2	0.99	0.94~1.06	.930	0.99	0.94~1.07	.952	1.01	0.94~1.07	.885
	3~6	1.01	0.95~1.05	.742	1.05	1.00~1.10	.048	1.05	0.99~1.10	.077
	≥7	1			1			1
Milk^‡	None	0.60	0.56~0.63	<.001	0.84	0.79~0.90	<.001	0.88	0.82~0.94	<.001
	≤4	0.71	0.68~0.74	<.001	0.88	0.83~0.91	<.001	0.89	0.85~0.94	<.001
	≥5	1			1			1
Soda drinks^‡	None	1.25	1.14~1.36	.001	1.24	1.08~1.40	.008	1.18	1.06~1.30	.015
	≤4	1.18	1.06~1.30	.004	1.16	1.00~1.30	.010	1.10	1.02~1.62	.021
	≥5	1			1			1
Caffeine drinks^‡	None	1.41	1.31~1.52	<.001	1.76	1.41~2.19	<.001	1.77	1.41~2.22	<.001
	≤4	1.21	1.13~1.29	<.001	1.28	1.02~1.61	.033	1.29	1.02~1.62	.035
	≥5	1			1			1
Sweet drinks^‡	None	1.43	1.33~1.54	<.001	1.29	1.19~1.40	<.001	1.25	1.15~1.37	<.001
	≤4	1.22	1.14~1.29	<.001	1.13	1.06~1.21	<.001	1.12	1.04~1.20	.002
	≥5	1			1			1
		R²=.02 (Cox&Snell),			R²=.12 (Cox&Snell),			R²=.13 (Cox&Snell),
		x²=987.57, p<.001			x²=8,350.99, p<.001			x²=8,683.38, p<.001

^† Days a week.

^‡ Times a week. OR=odds ratio; AOR=adjusted OR; CI=confidence interval; Model 1 was unadjusted; Model 2 was adjusted for age, gender, grade, academic achievement, stress and BMI; Model 3 was adjusted for age, gender, grade, academic achievement, stress, BMI, physical activity and sitting time.

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