Rotavirus infection is the leading cause of severe diarrhea disease in infants and young children worldwide. Rotavirus infects every child at least once by her/his 5^th birthday. It has been known that single episode of rotavirus infection can protect or alleviate subsequent illness caused by both homotypic and heterotypic rotaviruses. There are two currently licensed rotavirus vaccines. One is human-bovine rotavirus reassortant pentavalent vaccine (RotaTeq™), which contains five reassortant rotavirus (expressing protein G1, G2, G3, G4 and P[8]) and was licensed in Korea for use among infants in 2007. Another is live-attenuated human rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix™) derived from 89-12 strain which represents the most common of the human rotavirus VP7(G1) and VP4(P[8]) antigens. Rotarix™ was licensed in Korea in 2008. Both live oral rotavirus vaccines are efficacious in preventing severe rotavirus gastroenteritis.