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Young Joo Sohn1
, Youn Young Choi1, Ki Wook Yun1, 2, Eun Hwa Choi1, 2, Hoan Jong Lee1, 2
, Youn Young Choi1, Ki Wook Yun1, 2, Eun Hwa Choi1, 2, Hoan Jong Lee1, 2
Abstract
Purpose
We aimed to identify the epidemiology and the clinical characteristics of human parainfluenza virus type 4 (HPIV-4) infection compared to HPIVs 1–3 infections in Korean children.
Methods
We reviewed medical records of children with HPIV infection who visited Seoul National University Children's Hospital from 2015 to 2017. Detection of respiratory viruses was performed using real time-polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR), which could differentiate HPIVs 1–4. Diagnosis was classified as a febrile illness, upper respiratory tract infection (URI), croup, bronchiolitis, or pneumonia. The epidemiology, demographic features, and clinical characteristics among HPIV types were compared. The clinical data were analyzed only for the previously healthy children.
Results
Of the 472 children diagnosed with HPIV infection, 108 (22.9%) were previously healthy: 24 (22.2%), 19 (17.6%), 39 (36.1%), and 26 (24.1%) in HPIV types 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The median age of children with HPIV-4 infection was 11 (0–195) months: the proportion of children aged < 2 years and 2 to < 5 years were 65.4% and 19.2%, respectively. Clinical diagnoses of HPIV-4 infection were bronchiolitis (38.5%), pneumonia (30.8%), and URI (30.8%). Croup was the most prevalent in HPIV-2 (21.1%) and none in HPIV-4 infection (P=0.026). Hospital admission rates among HPIV types were not significantly different (P>0.05).
Figures and Tables
Fig. 1
The distribution of co-detected respiratory viruses according to PIV 1–4.
Abbreviations: PIV, parainfluenza virus; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus.
Table 1
Comparison of clinical characteristics of PIV 1–4 infections
Date are number of patients (%), unless otherwise indicated. Patients with underlying disease and combined infection were excluded.
*Median duration of fever was significantly different; P=0.02 in PIV 2 vs. PIV 4; †Percentage of croup was significantly different; P=0.026 in PIV 2 vs. PIV 4; ‡Percentage of bronchiolitis was significantly different; P=0.037 in PIV 1 vs PIV 4 and P=0.036 in PIV 2 vs PIV 4.
Abbreviations: PIV, parainfluenza virus; ICU, intensive care unit; URI, upper respiratory tract infection.
Notes
Author Contributions
Conceptualization: Yun KW, Choi EH, Lee HJ.
Data curation: Sohn YJ.
Formal analysis: Sohn YJ, Choi YY, Yun KW.
Resources: Yun KW, Choi EH, Lee HJ.
Supervision: Choi EH, Lee HJ.
Validation: Choi EH, Lee HJ.
Writing - original draft: Sohn YJ.
Writing - review & editing: Choi YY, Yun KW, Choi EH, Lee HJ.
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