Journal List > Korean J Sports Med > v.36(4) > 1109079

Chung and Lim: The Effects of Foot Position on Dynamic Stability during Squat in Female with Genu Varum

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of foot position on dynamic stability in female with genu varum.

Methods

Eight females with genu varum participated in this study and performed the four squat exercise methods that foot position (−45°, 0°, +45°) and 0° squat with band. Center of pressure (COP; anterior-posterior, medial-lateral, traveled distance, ellipse area) and ground reaction force as dynamic stability were measured using footscan system. Multivariate analysis of variance and one-way repeated analysis of variance measurement with Tukey honestly significant difference were used to identify significant differences of foot angle (−45°, 0°, +45°) and 0° squat with band method.

Results

In anterior-posterior COP displacement, −45° foot angle and 0° squat with band were significantly showed lower than +45° foot angle squat (p=0.006). Also, in COP traveled distance, 0° squat was significantly showed lower than +45° foot angle (p=0.019). During the descending phase, ground reaction force significantly showed in −45 foot angle was lower than other exercise methods.

Conclusion

The 0° squat with band exercise showed higher dynamic stability and +45° foot angle squat exercise showed lower dynamic stability in female with genu varum.

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

Squat exercise methods.

kjsm-36-207-g001
Table 1

Physical characteristics of subjects

kjsm-36-207-i001

Values are presented as mean±standard deviation.

BMI: body mass index.

Table 2

Results of COP direction displacement

kjsm-36-207-i002

Values are presented as mean±standard deviation.

COP: center of pressure, A-P: anterior-posterior, M-L: medial-lateral, b: +45°, c: −45°, d: 0° band.

**p<0.01.

Table 3

Results of COP TD, COP EA, and GRF

kjsm-36-207-i003

Values are presented as mean±standard deviation.

COP: center of pressure, TD: traveled distance, EA: ellipse area, GRF: ground reaction force, a: 0°, b: +45°, c: −45°, d: 0° band.

*p<0.05; **p<0.01.

Notes

Conflict of Interest No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

References

1. Kendall FP, McCreary EK, Provance PG, Rodgers MM, Romani WA. Muscles: testing and function, with posture and pain. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott William and Wilkins;2005.
2. Lee SJ, Jin DY, No HJ, et al. The effects of squat exercises on the space between the knees of persons with genu-varum. Indian J Sci Technol. 2016; 9.
crossref
3. Gu SH. Effects of pelvic proprioceptive motor control program on kinematic motion and center of pressure in trunk and lower extremity during sit to stand [dissertation]. Seoul: Korea National Sport University;2016.
4. Lee HI. Effect of self myofascial release, band, stretching exercise on the lower extremity alignment and gait in female genu varum [dissertation]. Seoul: Chung-Ang University;2016.
5. Yu BK, Kim EH. The effects of the correction exercise program combined with stretching and elastic band exercise on femoral intercondylar distance, Q-angle, plantar pressure in undergraduate with genu varum. J Korea Acad Ind Coop Soc. 2015; 16:2064–2072.
crossref
6. Kang SH, Lee WJ, Kim TY. Possible effects of applying rehabilitation program upon bowlegged undergraduates' COG(center of gravity) oscillation and its correction. J Sport Leis Stud. 2009; 35:1061–1072.
7. Cook JL, Khan KM, Kiss ZS, Purdam CR, Griffiths L. Reproducibility and clinical utility of tendon palpation to detect patellar tendinopathy in young basketball players. Victorian Institute of Sport tendon study group. Br J Sports Med. 2001; 35:65–69.
8. Kim YJ, Koo JW, Oh DW. Influence of shoe heel height and muscle fatigue on static and dynamic balance in healthy young women. Phys Ther Korea. 2013; 20:36–44.
crossref
9. Lin SI, Tsai TT. Muscle weakness and imbalance in older dizzy patients. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2005; 17:168–173.
crossref
10. Jung CS, Shin IS. Introduction to sports biomechanics. Seoul: Daehanmedia;2005.
11. Jeong JM. Analysis of squat on lower extremity joint kinetics and muscle activities in female genu varum [dissertation]. Seoul: Chung-Ang University;2016.
12. Kim SJ. The changes of co-contraction patterns in trunk and lower body muscles with multidirectional tilting motion on the dynamic and static posturography [dissertation]. Daegu: Daegu University;2011.
13. Han S, Ge S, Liu H, Liu R. Alterations in three-dimensional knee kinematics and kinetics during neutral, squeeze and outward squat. J Hum Kinet. 2013; 39:59–66.
14. Escamilla RF, Fleisig GS, Zheng N, et al. Effects of technique variations on knee biomechanics during the squat and leg press. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001; 33:1552–1566.
crossref
15. Bak MS, Shin HS, Shin W. Comparison and analysis of kinetic differences in back squat motions between skilled athletes and ordinary persons. Korean J Sports Sci. 2015; 24:1041–1050.
16. Lee OJ. The effects of the areas of support-surface and body weight on anterior-posterior and medial-lateral balance control. Korean J Sports Sci. 2004; 13:335–345.
17. Gooyers CE, Beach TA, Frost DM, Callaghan JP. The influence of resistance bands on frontal plane knee mechanics during body-weight squat and vertical jump movements. Sports Biomech. 2012; 11:391–401.
crossref
18. Baldon Rde M, Piva SR, Scattone Silva R, Serrao FV. Evaluating eccentric hip torque and trunk endurance as mediators of changes in lower limb and trunk kinematics in response to functional stabilization training in women with patellofemoral pain. Am J Sports Med. 2015; 43:1485–1493.
crossref
19. Roy G, Nadeau S, Gravel D, Malouin F, McFadyen BJ, Piotte F. The effect of foot position and chair height on the asymmetry of vertical forces during sit-to-stand and standto-sit tasks in individuals with hemiparesis. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2006; 21:585–593.
crossref
20. Meng H, Shen Z. The use of an external tibial fixator in the treatment of genu varum. Chin Med Sci J. 1992; 7:16–19.
21. Kim CY, Lim SK. Range of motion and isokinetic strength of hip joint in the college women with idiopathic genu vara. J Korea Contents Assoc. 2014; 14:210–217.
crossref
22. Horlings CG, van Engelen BG, Allum JH, Bloem BR. A weak balance: the contribution of muscle weakness to postural instability and falls. Nat Clin Pract Neurol. 2008; 4:504–515.
crossref
23. Tucker MG, Kavanagh JJ, Barrett RS, Morrison S. Age-related differences in postural reaction time and coordination during voluntary sway movements. Hum Mov Sci. 2008; 27:728–737.
crossref
24. Lelard T, Doutrellot PL, Temfemo A, Ahmaidi S. Electromyographic pattern during gait initiation differentiates yoga practitioners among physically active older subjects. Front Hum Neurosci. 2017; 11:300.
crossref
25. Klein CS, Brooks D, Richardson D, McIlroy WE, Bayley MT. Voluntary activation failure contributes more to plantar flexor weakness than antagonist coactivation and muscle atrophy in chronic stroke survivors. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2010; 109:1337–1346.
crossref
26. Chung HK. Biomechanical changes of stand-to-squat and squat-to-stand by the weight bearing and feet positions: focused on Korean men in their twenties [dissertation]. Incheon: Incheon University;2006.
27. Noehren B, Barrance PJ, Pohl MP, Davis IS. A comparison of tibiofemoral and patellofemoral alignment during a neutral and valgus single leg squat: an MRI study. Knee. 2012; 19:380–386.
crossref
28. Winter DA. Human balance and posture control during standing and walking. Gait Posture. 1995; 3:193–214.
crossref
29. Almeida GL, Carvalho RL, Talis VL. Postural strategy to keep balance on the seesaw. Gait Posture. 2006; 23:17–21.
crossref
30. Boyas S, Remaud A, Bisson EJ, Cadieux S, Morel B, Bilodeau M. Impairment in postural control is greater when ankle plantarflexors and dorsiflexors are fatigued simultaneously than when fatigued separately. Gait Posture. 2011; 34:254–259.
crossref
31. Kim MN. The influence of Gol-ki therapy upon improvement in pelvic asymmetry [dissertation]. Seoul: Sookmyung Women's University;2018.
32. Gruber AH, Busa MA, Gorton Iii GE, Van Emmerik RE, Masso PD, Hamill J. Time-to-contact and multiscale entropy identify differences in postural control in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Gait Posture. 2011; 34:13–18.
crossref
TOOLS
Similar articles