Journal List > Asian Oncol Nurs > v.18(3) > 1109036

TOOLS
Kim and Park: Influence of Knowledge and Attitude of Cancer on Cancer Prevention Health Promoting Behavior in General Hospital Nurses
Original Article

Asian Oncol Nurs 2018;18(3):163-172.

Published online: 5 September 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5388/aon.2018.18.3.163

Influence of Knowledge and Attitude of Cancer on Cancer Prevention Health Promoting Behavior in General Hospital Nurses

SooHyeon Kim1, Eun Young Park2

1Naeun Hospital International Medical Institute, Incheon, Korea

2College of Nursing, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea

∗ This article is an addition based on the first author's master's thesis from Gachon University.

Address reprint requests to: Park, Eun Young College of Nursing, Gachon University 191 Hambagmeoro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea Tel: +82-32-820-4050 Fax: +82-32-820-4059 E-mail: parkeunyoung@gachon.ac.kr

Received 11 Sep 201821 Sep 2018       Accepted 26 Sep 2018

Copyright © 2018 Korean Ophthalmological Society

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NoDerivs License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/) If the original work is properly cited and retained without any modification or reproduction, it can be used and re-distributed in any format and medium.

초록

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to find factors affecting hospital nurses’ cancer prevention health promoting behavior.

Methods

The subjects were 308 nurses working in general hospitals with over 300 beds. Knowledge of cancer was assessed with 36 ques-tion items for six major cancers, and the attitude toward cancer was assessed with 10 items for cancer prevention and early detection. Cancer prevention health promotion behavior was assessed by 21 questions about diet, health life, and exercise. The collected data were analyzed using frequency and percentage, t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression analysis.

Results

The score for knowledge of cancer was 25.12±3.33. The average score for attitude towards cancer was 30.41±4.08. The score of cancer prevention health promoting behaviors on cancer was 70.60±10.90. Cancer prevention health promoting behaviors were not correlated with cancer knowledge, and were positively correlated with cancer attitude (r=0.44, p<.001). There was a positive correlation with the cancer prevention attitude (r=0.49, p<.001) among the sub-areas of cancer attitude. Conclusion: The nurses’ knowledge, attitude, and preventive health promotion behaviors of cancer were important for the health of individ-uals, patients and the general public, I think it is necessary to search for ways to actively promote cancer prevention health promoting behaviors in various directions and to confirm their effects.

Keywords: Cancer, Knowledge, Attitude, Health Promoting Behavior

REFERENCES

1. National Cancer Information Center (KR). Cancer in statistics, Cancer prevalance [Internet]. Available from. https://www.cancer.go.kr/lay1/S1T654C655/contents.do. [Accessed December 28, 2017].
2. National Health Insurance Corporation (KR). Joint publication of the National Health Insurance Corporation and the health insurance review and assessment service “Statistical yearbook of health insurance for 2016” [Internet]. Available from. http://www.nhis.or.kr/bbs7/boards/B0039/%2024638. [Accessed November 12, 2017].
3. Yang YH. Relationships between knowledge about early detection, cancer risk perception and cancer screening tests in the general public aged 40 and over. Asian Oncol Nurs. 2012; 12:52–60.
crossref
4. McCaffery K, Wardle J, Waller J. Knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral intentions in relation to the early detection of colorectal cancer in the United Kingdom. Prev Med. 2003; 36:525–35.
crossref
5. Lee SJ, Lee JH, Gillen M, Krause N. Job stress and work-related muscu-loskeletal symptoms among intensive care unit nurses: a comparison between job demand-control and effort-reward imbalance models. Am J Ind Med. 2014; 57:214–21.
crossref
6. Choi YJ, Sung YH. Psychological well-being, perceived health status, and health promoting behavior of clinical nurses. J Korean Acad Nurs Adm. 2013; 19:589–98.
crossref
7. Neville K, Cole DA. The relationships among health promotion behaviors, compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction in nurses practicing in a community medical center. J Nurs Adm. 2013; 43:348–54.
crossref
8. Ministry of Employment and Labor (KR). Perform nighttime special health examination. Seoul: Ministry of Employment and Labor;2013.
9. International Agency for Research on Cancer (FR). IARC Monographs Programme finds cancer hazards associated with shiftwork, painting and firefighting [Internet]. Available from. https://www.iarc.fr/en/media-centre/pr/2007/pr180.html. [Accessed July 10, 2014].
10. Lie JA, Kjuus H, Zienolddiny S, Haugen A, Stevens RG, Kjærheim K. Night work and breast cancer risk among Norwegian nurses: assessment by different exposure metrics. Am J Epidemiol. 2011; 173:1272–9.
crossref
11. Bae YS, Choi SY. Relationships among stress, perception of occurrence risk of cancer and cancer preventive health behavior in three-shift nurses. Asian Oncol Nurs. 2015; 15:178–84.
crossref
12. Park HH, Lee KO. The relationship between metabolic syndrome risk factors and health promotion behavior in general hospital nurses. J Korea Contents Assoc. 2015; 15:314–25.
crossref
13. Duffield C, Diers D, O'Brien-Pallas L, Aisbett C, Roche M, King M, et al. Nursing staffing, nursing workload, the work environment and patient outcomes. Appl Nurs Res. 2011; 24:244–55.
crossref
14. Kim MH. The health care experience of the clinical nurse in a university hospital. J Korean Acad Nurs Adm. 2016; 17:209–18.
15. McElligott D, Siemers S, Thomas L, Kohn N. Health promotion in nurses: is there a healthy nurse in the house? Appl Nurs Res. 2009; 22:211–5.
crossref
16. Hong E. Factors affecting nurse's health promoting behavior: focusing on self-efficacy and emotional labor. Korean J Occup Health Nurs. 2014; 23:154–62.
crossref
17. Kim IJ, Kim SH. Relationships between knowledge, attitude and pre-ventive health behavior about cancer in university students. Asian Oncol Nurs. 2012; 12:44–51.
crossref
18. Yoon MH, Kwon MS. Factors influencing cancer preventive health behaviors in workers. J Korea Contents Assoc. 2017; 17:337–49.
19. Kim IO, Yeom GJ, Shin SH. Factors affecting on cancer prevention behaviors in adult women. Korean J Adult Nurs. 2014; 26:455–65.
crossref
20. Yang YK. Factors influencing preventive health behaviors for cancer in undergraduates. J Korean Acad Fundam Nurs. 2015; 22:59–68.
crossref
21. Ashrafioun L, Bonar E, Conner KR. Health attitudes and suicidal ide-ation among university students. J Am Coll Health. 2016; 64:256–60.
crossref
22. Fie S, Norman IJ, While AE. The relationship between physicians’ and nurses’ personal physical activity habits and their health-promotion practice: a systematic review. Health Educ J. 2012; 7:102–19.
crossref
23. Suh SR, Jung BY, So HS, Tae YS. A study to advance the development of educational programs for the early detection and prevention of the five major cancer in Korea. J Korean Acad Adult Nurs. 1998; 10:268–80.
24. Ministry of Health and Welfare (KR). Drinking is far away for cancer prevention! Immunization must be done! [Internet]. Available from. http://www.mohw.go.kr/react/al/sal0301vw.jsp?PAR_MENU_ID=04&MENU_ID=0403&CONT_SEQ=330589&page=1. [Accessed October 30, 2017].
25. Park YS, Kang HS, Kim JH, Ahn SH, Lee KS, Cho KS, et al. Tomey AM, Alligood MR, editors. Nursing theorists and their work. 6th ed.Seoul: 6th ed.Seoul: Daihak Publishing;2006. p. 543–64.
26. Blake H, Malik S, Mo PK, Pisano C. ‘Do as say, but not as I do’: are next generation nurses role models for health? Perspect Public Health. 2011; 131:231–9.
27. Lee SJ, Park HS. The cause, attitude and preventive health behavior on the occurrence of cancer in adults observed in one region. J Korean Soc Saf Educ. 2013; 9:93–114.
28. Park YR, Wee H. Knowledge, attitude, and preventive health behavior of cancer in middle-aged men. Korean J Rehabil Nurs. 2014; 17:97–103.
crossref
29. Park EY, Park YK, Nam SH, Park SJ, Park IM, Lee SJ, et al. Attitudes toward cancer and cancer patients in hospital employees. Korean J Psy-cho-Oncol. 2017; 3:17–25.
30. Kearney N, Miller M, Paul J, Smith K, Rice AM. Oncology health care professionals’ attitudes to cancer: a professional concern. Ann Oncol. 2003; 14:57–61.

Table 1.
Knowledge, Attitude and Health Promoting Behavior according to General, Occupational, and Health related Characteristics (N =308)
Characteristics Categories n (%) Knowledge of cancer Cancer attitude Health promoting behaviors
Total score General attitude toward cancer Cancer prevention attitude
M ± SD t or F (p) M ± SD t or F (p) M ± SD t or F (p) M ± SD t or F (p) M ± SD t or F (p)
Age (year) 20~29 a 171 (55.5) 24.73 ± 3.36 4.08 3.01 ± 0.40 2.71 2.19 ± 0.51 2.63 3.56 ± 0.63 5.39 3.30 ± 0.55 6.90
30~39 b 93 (30.2) 25.14 ± 3.13 (.007) 3.04 ± 0.41 (.045) 2.13 ± 0.50 (.050) 3.65 ± 0.65 (＜.001) 3.36 ± 0.45 (＜.001)
40~49 c 35 (11.4) 26.34 ± 3.40 3.08 ± 0.44 1.94 ± 0.50 3.84 ± 0.64 d＞ a,b∗ 3.53 ± 0.43 d＞ a,b∗
≥50 d 9 (2.9) 27.56 ± 2.70 3.40 ± 0.34 2.03 ± 0.29 4.31 ± 0.53 3.99 ± 0.29
Marital status Single 209 (67.9) 24.78 ± 3.42 −2.63 3.02 ± 0.39 −1.15 2.21 ± 0.51 3.50 3.57 ± 0.61 −3.05 3.29 ± 0.52 −3.51
Married 99 (32.1) 25.84 ± 3.02 (.009) 3.08 ± 0.43 (.250) 1.99 ± 0.48 (.001) 3.80 ± 0.69 (.003) 3.51 ± 0.49 (.001)
Education College (3y) a 150 (48.7) 25.14 ± 3.43 1.87 3.01 ± 0.40 3.48 2.16 ± 0.53 1.84 3.58 ± 0.61 7.22 3.31 ± 0.47 5.50
Bachelor b 152 (49.4) 25.00 ± 3.24 (.156) 3.06 ± 0.41 (.032) 2.14 ± 0.49 (0.160) 3.67 ± 0.66 (＜.001) 3.39 ± 0.55 (.005)
Graduate school c 6 (2.0) 27.67 ± 1.86 3.43 ± 0.30 c＞ a∗ 1.75 ± 0.32 4.56 ± 0.47 c＞ a,b∗ 3.99 ± 0.54 c＞ a,b∗
Working department Ward 206 (66.9) 25.00 ± 3.09 0.57 3.05 ± 0.40 0.61 2.18 ± 0.51 2.55 3.63 ± 0.63 0.52 3.34 ± 0.53 1.24
Outpatient 32 (10.4) 25.13 ± 4.35 (.568) 2.97 ± 0.46 (.545) 2.02 ± 0.42 (.080) 3.60 ± 0.65 (.600) 3.33 ± 0.34 (.291)
Etc 70 (22.7) 25.49 ± 3.48 3.05 ± 0.40 2.06 ± 0.53 3.71 ± 0.69 3.45 ± 0.53
Position Nurse 250 (81.2) 24.79 ± 3.39 7.67 3.03 ± 0.40 0.95 2.17 ± 0.52 3.07 3.59 ± 0.63 3.59 3.33 ± 0.52 3.44
Charge nurse 28 (9.1) 26.00 ± 2.88 (.001) 3.13 ± 0.46 (.388) 2.04 ± 0.43 (.048) 3.85 ± 0.72 (.029) 3.49 ± 0.46 (.033)
Head nurse 30 (9.7) 27.07 ± 2.29 c＞ a∗ 3.09 ± 0.43 1.96 ± 0.42 3.84 ± 0.62 3.55 ± 0.48
Working style Full tome 95 (30.8) 25.86 ± 3.27 2.64 3.08 ± 0.45 1.18 2.02 ± 0.50 −2.76 3.79 ± 0.68 2.71 3.51 ± 0.48 3.50
Shift work 213 (69.2) 24.79 ± 3.31 (.009) 3.02 ± 0.39 (.237) 2.19 ± 0.50 (.006) 3.58 ± 0.62 (.007) 3.29 ± 0.52 (.001)
Work experience (year) ＜3 a 119 (38.6) 24.70 ± 3.32 5.39 3.03 ± 0.39 0.97 2.25 ± 0.50 4.93 3.56 ± 0.60 3.96 3.28 ± 0.52 4.11
3~＜5 b 53 (17.2) 24.34 ± 3.50 (.001) 2.98 ± 0.35 (.406) 2.14 ± 0.53 (.002) 3.53 ± 0.57 (.009) 3.36 ± 0.55 (.007)
5~＜10 c 57 (18.5) 25.04 ± 3.62 d＞ a,b∗ 3.04 ± 0.42 2.14 ± 0.49 a＞ d∗ 3.63 ± 0.70 d＞ a∗ 3.30 ± 0.46 d＞ a∗
≥10 d 79 (25.7) 26.34 ± 2.67 3.10 ± 0.45 1.97 ± 0.49 3.85 ± 0.69 3.53 ± 0.50
Insurance coverage Included 220 (71.4) 25.34 ± 3.24 1.85 3.08 ± 0.41 2.98 2.12 ± 0.50 −1.05 3.73 ± 0.65 3.71 3.42 ± 0.52 3.23
Not included 88 (28.6) 24.57 ± 3.51 (.066) 2.93 ± 0.39 (.003) 2.19 ± 0.53 (.297) 3.43 ± 0.58 (＜.001) 3.21 ± 0.49 (.001)
Good(a) 144 (46.8) 25.49 ± 3.29 2.4 3.13 ± 0.44 6.71 2.09 ± 0.44 1.42 3.82 ± 0.71 11.33 3.58 ± 0.53 32.02
Health status Normal(b) 144 (46.8) 24.68 ± 3.37 (.090) 2.97 ± 0.38 (.001) 2.19 ± 0.56 (.242) 3.48 ± 0.55 (＜.001) 3.21 ± 0.40 (＜.001)
Not good(c) 20 (6.5) 25.65 ± 3.00 2.94 ± 0.23 a＞ b∗ 2.13 ± 0.59 3.48 ± 0.44 a＞ b∗ 2.90 ± 0.51 a＞ b＞ c∗
Cancer family his Have 160 (52.0) 25.06 ± 3.19 −0.35 2.95 ± 0.37 −4.36 2.08 ± 0.51 −2.05 3.52 ± 0.60 −3.44 3.27 ± 0.45 −3.23
None 148 (48.1) 25.19 ± 3.48 (.727) 3.14 ± 0.42 (＜.001) 2.20 ± 0.50 (.041) 3.77 ± 0.67 (.001) 3.46 ± 0.57 (.001)
Worry about cancer outbreak Have 100 (32.5) 24.96 ± 3.49 −0.58 3.04 ± 0.42 −0.03 2.29 ± 0.52 3.67 3.54 ± 0.67 −1.92 3.35 ± 0.54 −0.37
None 208 (67.5) 25.20 ± 3.25 (.559) 3.04 ± 0.40 (.978) 2.07 ± 0.49 (＜.001) 3.69 ± 0.63 (.055) 3.37 ± 0.51 (.710)
Smoking No 301 (97.7) 25.13 ± 3.26 0.19 3.04 ± 0.41 0.08 2.14 ± 0.51 −0.20 3.64 ± 0.65 0.19 3.37 ± 0.52 2.23
Yes 7 (2.3) 24.71 ± 5.88 (.858) 3.03 ± 0.29 (.936) 2.18 ± 0.61 (.838) 3.60 ± 0.58 (.848) 2.93 ± 0.41 (.026)
Drinking No 170 (55.2) 25.49 ± 3.12 2.20 3.09 ± 0.40 2.36 2.15 ± 0.48 0.34 3.72 ± 0.64 2.30 3.48 ± 0.51 4.70
Yes 138 (44.8) 24.66 ± 3.52 (.028) 2.98 ± 0.41 (.019) 2.13 ± 0.54 (.733) 3.55 ± 0.64 (.022) 3.21 ± 0.49 (＜.001)
Exercise Less than once a week 198 (64.3) 24.95 ± 3.45 −1.17 2.98 ± 0.42 −3.50 2.11 ± 0.49 −1.14 3.56 ± 0.63 −3.06 3.25 ± 0.43 −4.92
More than once a week 110 (35.7) 25.42 ± 3.10 (.242) 3.15 ± 0.37 (.001) 2.18 ± 0.54 (.253) 3.79 ± 0.65 (.002) 3.57 ± 0.60 (＜.001)
Sleep disorder Yes 134 (43.5) 25.04 ± 3.36 −0.35 3.07 ± 0.41 1.05 2.10 ± 0.50 −1.35 3.72 ± 0.66 1.81 3.50 ± 0.47 4.16
No 174 (56.5) 25.18 ± 3.31 (.728) 3.02 ± 0.41 (.295) 2.17 ± 0.51 (.179) 3.58 ± 0.63 (.071) 3.26 ± 0.53 (＜.001)

∗ Scheffé test.

Table 2.
Cancer Knowledge, Attitude, Cancer Prevention Health Promoting Behaviors
Variables Categories Number of questions M ± SD Range M ± SD Scale range
Knowledge of cancer Total score (36) 36 25.12 ± 3.33 0~36 − −
  Gastric cancer 6 4.44 ± 0.78 0~6 − 0~1
  Lung cancer 6 3.89 ± 1.02 0~6 − 0~1
  Liver cancer 6 4.89 ± 1.21 0~6 − 0~1
  Colon cancer 6 3.99 ± 1.13 0~6 − 0~1
  Breast cancer 6 3.14 ± 1.09 0~6 − 0~1
  Cervical cancer 6 4.77 ± 1.23 0~6 − 0~1
Attitude toward cancer Total score (50) 10 30.41 ± 4.08 10~50 3.04 ± 0.41 1~5
  General attitude toward cancer 4 8.64 ± 2.01 4~20 2.11 ± 1.21 1~5
  Attitudes towards early detection and prevention of cancer 6 21.90 ± 3.89 6~30 3.56 ± 0.87 1~5

Health promoting behaviors Total score (105) 21 70.60 ± 10.90 21~105 3.36 ± 0.52 1~5

Table 3.
Knowledge about Cancer - Attitude - Correlation between Cancer Prevention Health Promoting Behaviors
Variables X1
 X2
 X3
 X4
 X5
 X6
 X7
 X8
 X9
 X10
 X11
r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p)
X1. Cancer knowledge 1 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　
X2. Gastric cancer knowledge 0.40 (＜.001) 1 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　
X3. Knowledge of lung cancer 0.53 (＜.001) 0.11 (.062) 1 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　
X4. Knowledge of liver cancer 0.62 (＜.001) 0.19 (.001) 0.17 (.003) 1 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　
X5. Colon cancer knowledge 0.55 (＜.001) 0.08 (.185) 0.21 (＜.001) 0.20 (.001) 1 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　
X6. Breast cancer knowledge 0.40 (＜.001) 0.00 (.978) 0.13 (.027) −0.02 (.751) 0.03 (.587) 1　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　
X7. Knowledge of cervical cancer 0.59 (＜.001) 0.07 (.228) 0.10 (.089) 0.31 (＜.001) 0.15 (.007) 0.08 (.139) 1 　　 　　 　　 　　
X8. Cancer attitude 0.01 (.880) −0.05 (.341) −0.02 (.800) 0.06 (.277) −0.06 (.295) −0.06 (.334) 0.12 (.037) 1 　　 　　 　　
X9. General attitude −0.13 (.025) −0.01 (.841) −0.06 (.285) −0.10 (.087) −0.16 (.005) 0.03 (.635) −0.08 (.171) 0.35 (＜.001) 1 　　 　　
X10. Cancer 0.08 −0.05 0.02 0.12 0.02 −0.07 0.17 0.87 −0.16 1 　
prevention attitude (.183) (.370) (.769) (.041) (.714) (.206) (.003) (＜.001) (.004)   　
X11. Health 0.09 −0.03 0.003 0.16 0.00 −0.02 0.12 0.44 −0.07 0.49 1
promoting behaviors (.130) (.637) (.952) (.007) (.948) (.749) (.038) (＜.001) (.233) (＜.001)  
Table 4.
Factors Affecting Cancer Prevention Health Promoting Behaviors
Characteristics Variables Model 1 Model 2 Model 3
B SEB β p B SEB β p B SEB β p
Knowledge Intercept 61.32 3.16 　 ＜.001 35.22 4.86 　 ＜.001 59.19 6.61 　 ＜.001
  Knowledge of liver cancer 1.20 0.55 .13 .030 0.90 0.48 .10 .065 0.92 0.44 .10 .038
  Knowledge of cervical cancer 0.71 0.55 .08 .190 0.08 0.49 .01 .866 −0.37 0.43 −.04 .395
Attitude Cancer prevention attitude         1.25 0.29 .45 ＜.001 0.81 0.27 .29 .002
  Cancer attitude         0.11 0.27 .04 .688 0.03 0.25 .01 .891
Characteristic Age                 0.15 0.14 .10 .266
  Married∗                 0.90 1.45 .04 .535
  Education (College)∗                 −0.31 1.02 −.01 .760
  Graduate school∗                 0.95 4.02 .01 .814
  Position (Charge)                 −0.61 1.85 −.02 .741
  Position (Head)∗                 −2.08 2.45 −.06 .398
  Working style (Regular worker)∗                 1.24 1.29 .05 .335
  Work experience                 0.00 0.02 −.01 .900
  Insurance coverage (Yes)∗                 −0.89 1.18 −.04 .452
  Health status                 −4.11 0.72 −.27 ＜.001
  Cancer family history (None)∗                 1.30 1.00 .06 .193
  Smoking                 −3.90 1.54 −.12 .012
  Drinking                 −2.64 0.74 −.16 ＜.001
  Exercise                 4.64 0.84 .26 ＜.001
  Sleep disorder (Have)∗                 −1.91 1.02 −.09 .061
  F (p) 4.60 (.011) 25.66 (＜.001) 13.01 (＜.001)
  R2 .03 .25 .46
  Δ R2   .22 .21

∗ Dummy variable.

TOOLS
Similar articles