Comparison of Effects of Oral Health Program and Walking Exercise Program on Health Outcomes for Pregnant Women

Hae-jin Park; Haejung Lee

doi:10.4040/jkan.2018.48.5.506

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Park and Lee: Comparison of Effects of Oral Health Program and Walking Exercise Program on Health Outcomes for Pregnant Women

Original Article

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2018; 48(5): 506-520.

Published online: 31 October 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.5.506

Comparison of Effects of Oral Health Program and Walking Exercise Program on Health Outcomes for Pregnant Women

Hae-jin Park¹

, Haejung Lee²

¹Department of Nursing, Kyungnam College of Information & Technology, Busan, Korea.

²College of Nursing, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.

Address reprint requests to : Lee, Haejung. College of Nursing, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan 50612, Korea. Tel: +82-51-510-8344 Fax: +82-51-510-8308, haejung@pusan.ac.kr

Received 10 April 2018 Revised 6 August 2018 Accepted 6 August 2018

Korean Society of Nursing Science

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NoDerivs License. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/) If the original work is properly cited and retained without any modification or reproduction, it can be used and re-distributed in any format and medium.

Abstract

Purpose

To compare the effects of the Interaction Model of Client Health Behavior (IMCHB)-based oral health program (OHP) and walking exercise program (WEP) on oral health behaviors, periodontal disease, physical activity, and psychological indicators (depression, stress, and quality of life) in pregnant women.

Methods

A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was adopted to compare the effects of a 12-week OHP and WEP on pregnant women (n=65). Pregnant women were randomly assigned to the oral health group (OHG; n=23), walking exercise group (WEG; n=21), or control group (CG; n=21). Data were analyzed by the χ²-test, Fisher's exact test, Scheffe test, and repeated measures ANOVA, using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences for Windows (version 21.0).

Results

The OHG and WEG showed significant improvements in oral health behaviors, periodontal disease, and psychological indicators as compared to the CG. The WEG showed significant improvement in physical activity as compared to the OHG and CG.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that the IMCHB-based OHP and WEP were effective in improving periodontal disease, physical activity, and psychological indicators. However, further studies are needed to identify the positive effects of the OHP and WEP on birth outcomes.

Keywords: Pregnant Women, Periodontal Diseases, Oral Health, Walking

Figures and Tables

Figure 1

Flow chart of the study.

Table 1

Action Plans of Cox's Interaction Model of Client Health Behavior (IMCHB) for Oral Health and Walking Exercise Groups

Table 2

Contents of the Oral Health and Walking Exercise Programs

^aOral health group; ^bWalking exercise group; ^cControl group.

Table 3

Homogeneity Test for Characteristics of the Pregnant Women (N=65)

GP=Group; Cont.=Control group; IPAQ=International Physical Activity Questionnaire; M=Mean; SD=Standard deviation.

Table 4

Effects of the Oral Health and Walking Programs on Health Outcomes of the Pregnant Women (N=65)

^an=23, ^bn=21, ^cn=21; M=mean; SD: standard deviation; IPAQ=International Physical Activity Questionnaire.

Notes

This manuscript is a revision of the first author's doctoral dissertation from Pusan National University.

^{CONFLICTS OF INTEREST} The authors declared no conflict of interest.

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ORCID iDs

Hae-jin Park
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9169-4017

Haejung Lee
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0291-9945

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