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Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to review health-related interventions in nursing studies for low-income school-age children and adolescents.
Methods
Searches among CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, DBpia, and RISS identified 27 intervention studies published from January 2000 to April 2018.
Results
Twenty-seven intervention studies were identified: 12 included psychosocial adaptations and 15 included the healthy lifestyle promotion and disease prevention. The settings were mainly schools and community welfare centers. Many studies were based on social cognitive theory and interventions were provided in a group format. Depression, self-esteem, resilience, self-efficacy for vegetable and fruit consumption, physical activity, and health-related knowledge improved significantly after the health-related interventions. However, the findings were inconsistent with regard to anxiety, peer relationships, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, cholesterol, and glucose.
Conclusion
There is potential for enhancing outcomes for psychosocial, physical health, and health-related knowledge among low-income school-age children and adolescents. Integrated interventions addressing the physical as well as psychological health of low-income children and adolescents should be conducted. It would be prudent to consider the ethnicity and family background of the child or adolescent. However, rigorous study designs and scientific validation are needed for further evidence.
Figures and Tables
Table 1
Description of the Study and Intervention Results: Targeting Psychosocial Adaptation
C=control group; CDC=centers for disease control and prevention; ct=controlled trial; E=experimental group; F/U=follow up; pp=pre-and post-intervention assessment; RCT=randomized controlled trial; T1=post test 1; T2=post test 2.
*Significant improvement in the desired direction compared with control/pre-assessment; †No significant difference between intervention and control group or no significant change from pre-to post-assessment.
Table 2
Description of the Study and Intervention Results: Targeting Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention
B=behavioral intervention group; BMI=body mass index; C=control group; C‘=counseling intervention group; E=experimental group; F/U=follow up; F&V=fruits and vegetables; p=proxy report; pp=pre-and post-intervention assessment; RCT=randomized controlled trial; s=self report; T1=post test 1.
*Significant improvement in the desired direction compared with control/pre-assessment; †No significant difference between intervention and control group or no significant change from pre-to post-assessment.
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