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Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of intervention programs for internet/smartphone addiction among adolescents through an integrative literature review.
Methods
We searched MEDLINE(PubMed), CINAHL, Embase, DBpia, RISS, and KISS using a combination of “Internet or phone*,” “addicti*,” “adolescent,” and “intervention or program or therapy.” The searched studies were reviewed according to the criteria and an integrative literature review was conducted on the 14 selected papers published from January 1, 2013 to November 14, 2017.
Results
Through the integrative review and analysis, a total of four attributes of interventions and their effects were derived. First, the number of group-focused interventions was significantly higher than that of individual-focused ones. Second, the interventions addressed various aspects of adolescents' problems while considering the complex nature of addiction problems. Third, there was a bias for region and sexual ratio. Lastly, most studies were actively conducted in community-based counseling or psychology settings.
Conclusion
It is necessary to find more effective methods for addressing internet/smartphone addiction among adolescents through multidisciplinary approaches, including the consideration of various cultural and gender characteristics. This study provides a basis for developing future programs addressing addiction problems among adolescents.
Figures and Tables
Table 2
Summary of Overall Intervention
APIUS=adolescent pathological internet use scale; CBT=cognitive behavioral therapy; F/U=follow up; KS-II=internet addiction proneness scale for youth; KSD=kinetic school drawing; NA=not applicable; RCS=relationship change scale; STAI=state-trait anxiety inventory; STAXI-K=state-trait anger expression inventory-Korean version.
Appendix
Appendix
1. Chang SS. The effect of group art therapy program on the reduction of problem behavior and school adjustment of internet addiction teenagers. J Korean Soc Youth Prot Guid. 2013 Nov;19:5-21.
2.Mun HS, Suh KH. A qualitative study on the therapeutic experience in the solution-centered approach among adolescents with internet addiction. Korean J Youth Stud. 2014 May;21(5): 483-509.
3. Kim HR, Kim YJ. The effects of group sandplay therapy on peer attachment, impulsiveness, and social anxiety of adolescents addicted to smart phones. J Symb Sandplay Ther. 2015 Dec;6(2):1-12. https://doi.org/10.12964/jsst.150005
4. Liu QX, Fang XY, Yan N, Zhou ZK, Yuan XJ, Lan J, et al. Multi-family group therapy for adolescent internet addiction: exploring the underlying mechanisms. Addict Behav. 2015 Mar;42:1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.10.021
5. Shin AR, Shin JH, Lim JH. A case study of art therapy for the improvement of interpersonal relation and internet addiction of youth with internet addiction: focused on the object relations theory of Winnicott. Korean J Art Ther. 2015;22(4):1161-88.
6. Shin SM, Ryu SJ, Kim BJ, Lee DH, Chung YJ. The development and effectiveness of MI group counseling program for adolescents internet-addiction. Korean J Couns. 2015 Aug;16(4):89-109. https://doi.org/10.15703/kjc.16.4.201508.89
7. Chang HR. A qualitative study of intervention for adolescents with severe internet addiction. Korean J Local Gov Adm Stud. 2016 Mar;30(1):231-51. https://doi.org/10.18398/kjlgas.2016.30.1.231
8. Jang HJ, Choi SN. A study on the effect of group art therapy on mitigating male junior high school student' internet addiction. J Arts Psychother. 2016 Mar;12(1):27-49.
9. Oh CH, Park SG, Park JH, Oh IJ. The effects of the forest environment on internet addition treatment. J Korea Acad Ind Cooperation Soc. 2016 Apr;17(4):489-99. https://doi.org/10.5762/kais.2016.17.4.489
10. Shin JH, Jang M. Effect of group sandplay therapy to be addicted youth's addiction levels and anxiety. J Symb Sandplay Ther. 2016 Jun;7(1):31-45.
11. Kang SH. Effects of aerobic exercise on health-related quality of life (Peds QL™ 4.0) and dopamine levels in adolescents with internet gaming addiction. Korean J Sports Sci. 2017 Aug;26(4):985-94.
12. Lee MH, Lee SH. Effects of Korean medicine music therapy on anxiety, anger expression, and concentration of smart phone addicted adolescents. J Orient Med Class. 2017 Aug;30(3):133-41. https://doi.org/10.14369/jkmc.2017.30.3.133
13. Sakuma H, Mihara S, Nakayama H, Miura K, Kitayuguchi T, Maezono M, et al. Treatment with the self-discovery camp (SDiC) improves internet gaming disorder. Addict Behav. 2017 Jan;64:357-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.06.013
14. Yoon JS. Narrative therapy approach to adolescents internet game addiction: focused on externalization method. Yonsei J Couns Coach. 2017 Sep;8:51-70.
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