Factors Influencing Burnout in Primary Family Caregivers of Hospital-based Home Care Patients

Ju Ok Yang; Hye Kyung Lee

doi:10.12799/jkachn.2018.29.1.54

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Yang and Lee: Factors Influencing Burnout in Primary Family Caregivers of Hospital-based Home Care Patients

Original Article

J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs 2018;29(1):54-64.

Published online: 12 March 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2018.29.1.54

Factors Influencing Burnout in Primary Family Caregivers of Hospital-based Home Care Patients

Ju Ok Yang¹, Hye Kyung Lee²

¹Department of Home Health Care, Chung-Nam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea

²Department of Nursing, Kongju National University, Gongju, Korea

Corresponding author: Lee, Hye Kyung Department of Nursing, Kongju National University, 56 Gongjudeahak-ro, Gongju 32588, Korea. Tel: +82-41-850-0313, Fax: +82-41-850-0315, E-mail: hklee@kongju.ac.kr

Received 5 September 2017 Revised 29 January 2018 Accepted 29 January 2018

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to identify factors influencing burnout in primary family caregivers of Home Health Care Patients.

Methods

Data were collected from 121 primary family caregivers of home health care patients in three different hospitals in ‘D’ metropolitan city and the study was conducted from August 10, 2016 to January 17, 2017. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient, Stepwise Multiple Linear Regression.

Results

Mean scores for the nursing needs of the participants were 3.54±0.79, the family functions were 1.24±0.58, the burnouts were 2.74±0.49. The burnouts were positively correlated with the nursing needs but inversely correlated with the family function. The factor that had the greatest influence on the burnouts of primary family caregivers of Home Health Care was family function (β=-.245, p=.001), followed by patients' daily activity (β=-.213, p=.014), age (β=.208, p=.032), monthly nursing services cost (β=-.196, p=.044) and nursing needs (β=.129, p=.014). The Explanatory Power of Models was 23%.

Conclusion

Individually customized home care nursing intervention programs are required to be provided in accordance with patient's family function and daily activity, monthly home care nursing service cost, nursing needs and general characteristics of primary care-givers of Home Health Care Patients such as their age, the number of family members living together, sex and the name of disease.

Keywords: Home health nursing, Caregivers, Family function, Nursing needs, Burnout

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Table 1.

General Characteristics in Primary Family Caregivers (N=121)

Characteristics	Categories	n (%)	M±SD	Range
Age (year)	≤49	18 (14.9)	62.35±13.1	24~86
	50~59	29 (24.0)
	60~69	43 (35.5)
	≥70	31 (25.6)
Gender	Male	20 (16.5)
	Female	101 (83.5)
Education	Elementary	26 (21.5)
	Middle school	23 (19.0)
	≥High school	72 (59.5)
Marital status	Married	111 (91.7)
	Not married	10 (8.3)
Job	Have	36 (29.8)
	Not have	85 (70.2)
Relationship to the patient	Spouse	70 (57.9)
	Children	29 (24.0)
	Brother/sister	11 (9.1)
	Parents	11 (9.1)
Care hours per day	≤8	21 (17.4)	18.33±7.28	2~24
	9~16	18 (14.9)
	17~24	82 (67.8)
Number of families living together	None	32 (26.4)	1.80±1.59	0~7
	1~2	49 (40.5)
	3	40 (33.1)
Duration of home care service (month)	＜11	44 (36.4)
	≥12	77 (63.6)
Frequency of home care service (month)	1	23 (19.0)
	2~3	36 (29.8)
	≥4	62 (51.2)
Home care service fee (month)	Fee free	47 (38.8)
	￦10,000~50,000	47 (38.8)
	≥￦60,000	27 (22.3)
Perceived health status	Bad	60 (49.6)
	Moderate	44 (36.4)
	Good	17 (14.0)
Age of patients (year)	≤49	13 (10.7)	69.21±16.19	4~93
	50~59	14 (11.6)
	60~69	25 (20.7)
	70~79	36 (29.8)
	≥80	33 (27.3)
Gender of patients	Male	71 (58.7)
	Female	50 (41.3)
Diagnosis of patients	Musculoskeletal Cerebrovascular	13 (10.7) 64 (52.9)
	Neoplasm	22 (18.2)
	Dementia	22 (18.2)
ADL of patients	Independent	5 (4.1)
	Interdependent	42 (34.7)
	Dependent	74 (61.2)

ADL=activities of daily living.

Table 2.

Scores for Nursing Needs, Family Function, and Burnout (N=121)

Characteristics	Categories	M±SD	n (%)
Nursing needs		3.54±0.79
	Needs information related to disease treatment and nursing	4.22±0.76
	Training and assistance requirements related to physical functioning levels	3.14±1.23
	Need for social support and counseling	3.30±0.87
	Management needs of nursing problems related to immobility	3.37±1.22
	A request for recognition	3.28±1.11
	Need to communicate with patient	3.89±0.95
	Necessity for promptness of nursing and help	4.12±0.93
Family function		1.24±0.58
	Low grade (0~3)		22 (18.2)
	Moderate grade (4~6)		43 (35.5)
	High grade (7~10)		56 (46.3)
Burnout		2.74±0.49
	Emotional	3.18±0.85
	Personal accomplishment	2.64±0.63
	Depersonaliization	2.41±0.74

Table 3.

Differences in Caregivers' Burnout General Characteristics (N=121)

Characteristics	Categories	Burnout
Characteristics	Categories	M±SD	t or F (p)
Age (year)	≤49^a	2.65±0.41	4.22 (.007)
	50~59^b	2.71±0.51	a, b, c＜d
	60~69^c	2.62±0.50
	≥70^d	3.00±0.43
Gender	Men	2.67±0.50	-0.68 (.496)
Gender	Women	2.76±0.49
Education	Elementary school	2.86±0.40	0.93 (.397)
	Middle school	2.75±0.63
	≥High school	2.70±0.48
Marital status	Married	2.75±0.50	-0.88 (.380)
Marital status	Not married	2.61±0.39
Job	Have	2.75±0.45	-0.14 (.887)
Job	Not have	2.74±0.52
Relationship to the patient	Spouse	2.81±0.55	1.32 (.272)
	Children	2.60±0.45
	Brother/sister	2.78±0.30
	Parents	2.67±0.32
Care hours per day	≤8	2.93±0.49	2.47 (.089)
	9~16	2.60±0.31
	17~24	2.73±0.52
Number of families living together	0^a	2.79±0.52	3.24 (.043)
	1~2^b	2.84±0.46	a, b＞c
	≥3^c	2.58±0.49
Frequency of home care service (month)	1	2.63±0.54	0.90 (.409)
	2~3	2.72±0.41
	≥4	2.79±0.52
Duration of home care service (month)	≤11	2.83±0.50	1.48 (.141)
Duration of home care service (month)	≥12	2.69±0.49
Home care service fee (month)	Fee free^a	2.91±0.55	5.25 (.007)
	￦10,000~50,000^b	2.68±0.42	a＞b, c
	≥￦60.000^c	2.56±0.42
Perceived health status	Bad	2.81±0.48	2.72 (.070)
	Moderate	2.74±0.39
	Good	2.50±0.71
Age of patients (year)	≤49^a	2.62±0.44	1.41 (.236)
	50~59^b	2.72±0.59
	60~69^c	2.75±0.58
	70~79^d	2.65±0.36
	≤80^e	2.90±0.51
Gender of patients	Male	2.80±0.53	1.41 (.161)
Gender of patients	Female	2.67±0.43
Diagnosis of patients	Musculoskeletal^a	2.58±0.46	2.98 (.034)
	Cerebrovascular^b	2.70±0.49	a, b, c＜d
	Neoplasm^c	2.70±0.42
	Dementia^d	3.01±0.53
ADL of patients	Independent^a	2.84±0.12	3.49 (.018)
	Interdependent^b	2.93±0.46
	Dependent^c	2.63±0.50

ADL=activities of daily living.

Table 4.

Correlation among Nursing Needs, Family Function and Burnout (N=121)

Variables	Nursing needs	Family function
Variables	r (p)	r (p)
Family function	.13 (.077)
Burnout	.16 (.037)	-.29 (.001)

Table 5.

Factors Affecting Caregivers' Burnout (N=121)

Variables	B	SE	β	t	p
(Constant)	2.71	0.20		13.82	＜.001
Family function	-0.25	0.07	-.29	-3.54	.001
ADL of patient (dependent)	-0.21	0.09	-.21	-2.49	.014
Age (≥70)	0.21	0.10	.18	2.18	.032
Home care service fee (≥￦60,000)	-0.20	0.10	-.17	-2.04	.044
Nursing needs	0.13	0.05	.21	2.51	.014
	R²=.26, Adj. R²=.23, F=8.26, p＜.001

ADL=activities of daily living; SE=standard error; Adj. R²=Adjusted coefficient of determination R².

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