Effects of Abnormal Thyroid Function Status to Bone Metabolism

Hwa Young Ahn

doi:10.11106/ijt.2018.11.1.21

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Ahn: Effects of Abnormal Thyroid Function Status to Bone Metabolism

Review Article

International Journal of Thyroidology 2018; 11(1): 21-25.

Published online: 31 May 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11106/ijt.2018.11.1.21

Effects of Abnormal Thyroid Function Status to Bone Metabolism

Hwa Young Ahn

Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Correspondence: Hwa Young Ahn, MD, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06973, Korea Tel: 82-2-6299-3152, Fax: 82-2-6299-2017, ahy0809@naver.com

Received 16 May 2018 Accepted 18 May 2018

The Korean Thyroid Association

(open-access):

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Thyroid hormone plays an important role in bone remodeling. In overt hyperthyroidism, excess thyroid hormone accelerates bone turnover and shortens the normal bone remodeling cycle, leading osteoporosis and increased fracture risk. Several population and case-control studies have demonstrated that a prior history of hyperthyroidism is an independent risk factor for hip and vertebral fracture. In contrast, bone remodeling cycle is prolonged to almost 2 years with an increase in mineralized cortical bone in overt hypothyroidism. Some cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have suggested that thyroid hormone replacement could decrease bone mineral density in overt hypothyroidism. However, this effect might be interpreted as an adaptive mechanism on decreased bone turnover in preexistent hypothyroidism, and not as thyroid hormone induced bone loss. The effect of thyroid hormone replacement for hypothyroidism on fracture risk has not been investigated well. However, excessive thyroid hormone treatment might be increased the risk of fracture.

Keywords: Hyperthyroidism, Hypothyroidism, Bone density, Fractures, Osteoporosis

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