The Incidence and Risk Factors of Epiretinal Membrane in a Screened Korean Population

Seong Ho Kim; Su Jeong Song; Jeong Hun Bae

doi:10.3341/jkos.2018.59.10.922

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Kim, Song, and Bae: The Incidence and Risk Factors of Epiretinal Membrane in a Screened Korean Population

Original Article

Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 2018; 59(10): 922-929.

Published online: 17 October 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2018.59.10.922

The Incidence and Risk Factors of Epiretinal Membrane in a Screened Korean Population

Seong Ho Kim, MD, Su Jeong Song, MD, PhD, Jeong Hun Bae, MD, PhD

Department of Ophthalmology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Address reprint requests to Su Jeong Song, MD, PhD. Department of Ophthalmology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, #29, Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03181, Korea. Tel: 82-2-2001-2250, Fax: 82-2-2001-2262, sjsong7@gmail.com

Received 21 December 2017 Revised 26 February 2018 Accepted 27 September 2018

The Korean Ophthalmological Society

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

To determine the incidence of idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) and its risk factors in Korean adults.

Methods

A total of 16,495 participants (≥50 years of age) who had at least two examinations from January 2006 to December 2016 were included in this study. The incidence of idiopathic ERM was determined and age-standardized to the 2010 Korean Census.

Results

Idiopathic ERM developed in 391 of 15,399 participants who had no previous ERM in either eye at the baseline examination. The overall age-standardized incidence was 2.18% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.89–2.38), including 1.39% with cellophane macular reflex and 0.79% with preretinal macular fibrosis. Multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that the factor related to the development of idiopathic ERM was obesity (body mass index >25 kg/m²; adjusted hazard ratio, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.60–0.97) after adjusting for confounding factors.

Conclusions

The incidence of idiopathic ERM in Korean adults was lower than that of other ethnic studies. Further studies are needed to confirm the inverse relationship between obesity and the incidence of ERM in this population.

Keywords: Epiretinal membrane, Incidence, Koreans, Risk factors

Figures and Tables

Figure 1

Representative fundus photograph of cellophane macular reflex (CMR). Right fundus of participant with CMR only, best seen nasal to fovea.

Figure 2

Preretinal macular fibrosis (PMF). Left fundus of participant with PMF, with vertical folds around fovea.

Figure 3

Study flow diagram. Describing subjects which included for analysis.

Table 1

Characteristics at baseline of all patients

Continuous values are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Categorical values are presented as the subjects number and percent (%).

HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; SBP = systolic blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure.

Table 2

Age-specific incidence of epiretinal membranes by gender

Values are presented as n (%) unless otherwise indicated.

CMR = cellophane macular reflex; PMF = preretinal macular fibrosis; ERM = epiretinal membrane; HR = hazard ratio; CI = confidence interval.

Table 3

Risk factors predisposing to incidence of idiopathic epiretinal membrane

‘High triglycerides’ is ‘>150 mg/dL’. ‘High LDL-cholesterol’ is ‘>130 mg/dL’. ‘High total cholesterol’ is ‘>200 mg/dL’. ‘Low HDL-cholesterol’ is ‘<40 mg/dL for male, <50 mg/dL for female’. ‘High waist’ is ‘≥90 cm for male, ≥80 cm for female’. ‘Obesity’ is ‘body mass index [BMI]>25 kg/m2’.

HR = hazard ratio; CI = confidence interval; HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; SBP = systolic blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure.

Notes

^{Conflicts of Interest} Conflicts of Interest: The authors have no conflicts to disclose.

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