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Abstract
In 1951, in the midst of the Korean War, artist Lee Quede produced anatomical drawings to teach artistic anatomy to his student Lee Ju-yeong while interned in the Geoje prison camp. Comprising 2 books and spanning over 48 pages, 74 drawings were produced alongside explanations in a textbook format. The table of contents was ordered starting from body proportions, then the skeleton, the muscles, and the head. By part, there were 4 drawings of the trunk, 51 of the head, 7 of the arms, 9 of the legs, and 3 of the full body. Though the drawings of the head and face are both high in number and in detail, there were many errors in his depictions of the bones, and the boundaries between the structures of his muscle drawings were drawn so unclearly as to be indistinguishable. The essential forms, proportions and movement are included, but his disproportionate dedication to the head and the incoherent way that the book is arranged with no relevance to its table of contents leave something to be desired. It is regrettable that Lee Quede's return to North Korea meant that his drawings were not widely used, but despite this, I believe that these are invaluable documents in assessing the influence of Japanese artistic anatomy at the time, as well as the introductory circumstances of Korean artistic anatomy.
References
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Fig. 1.
Examples of anatomical error: (A) Floating rib expressed as joining costal arch. (B) The neck of the humerus is drawn incorrectly, like the neck of the femur, while characteristics of the radius and ulna, and the structure of the elbow joint are drawn incorrectly as well. (C) Line of gravity should be further posterior than the hip joint.
Fig. 2.
Examples significant to artistic anatomy: (A) The external shape of the calf is well explained, with the medial swelling down-ward and the lateral more upwardly swollen. (B) Anterior-posterior length of head in comparison with that of a Caucasian head.
Fig. 3.
Examples of full body proportions: (A) Anatomical of Lee Quede (1951). (B) Arguments on Artistic Anatomy of Masaaki Nishida (1944). (C) Anatomie artistique of Paul Richer (1890).
Table 1.
Classification of body points in the anatomical drawing of Lee Quede
| Region | Bones | Muscles | Structure | Numbers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body | 2 | 2 | – | 4 |
| Head | 2 | 2 | 47 | 51 |
| Arm | 2 | 2 | 5 | 7 |
| Leg | 3 | 2 | 4 | 9 |
| Whole body | – | – | 3 | 3 |
Table 2.
Numbers of errors in the anatomical drawing of Lee Quede
Table 3.
Anatomically important expressions in the anatomical drawing of Lee Quede
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