Effect of Particulate Matter on Human Health, Prevention, and Imaging Using PET or SPECT

Javeria Zaheer; Jongho Jeon; Seung-Bok Lee; Jin Su Kim

doi:10.14316/pmp.2018.29.3.81

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Zaheer, Jeon, Lee, and Kim: Effect of Particulate Matter on Human Health, Prevention, and Imaging Using PET or SPECT

Review Article

Progress in Medical Physics 2018;29(3):81-91.

Published online: 19 September 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14316/pmp.2018.29.3.81

Effect of Particulate Matter on Human Health, Prevention, and Imaging Using PET or SPECT

Javeria Zaheer^∗,^†, Jongho Jeon^‡,^§, Seung-Bok Lee^ΙΙ, Jin Su Kim^∗,^†

^∗Division of RI Application, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS),University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, Korea

^†Radiological and Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, Korea

^‡Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup, Korea

^§Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea

^ΙΙCenter for Environment, Health and Welfare Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Korea

Corresponding author Jin Su Kim (kjs@kirams.re.kr) Tel: 82-2-970-1661 Fax: 82-2-970-1341

Received 1 September 201811 September 2018 Accepted 11 September 2018

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Particulate matter (PM) in dust causes serious pathological conditions, and it has been considered a critical health issue for many years. Respiratory disorders such as bronchitis, asthma, and chronic inflammation, are the most common illnesses due to PM that appears as dust. There is evidence that cardiovascular and neurological abnormalities are caused by PM. Although an extensive amount of work has been conducted on this topic, including studies on the nature of the particles, particle size measurements, particle distribution upon inhalation, the health effects of fine particles, disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, to this date, there is still a considerable lack of knowledge in these areas. Therefore, the identification of the key components that cause diseases owing to PM, and the specific diagnoses of the diseases, is important. This review will explore the current literature on the origin and nature of PM and their effects on human health. In addition, it will also highlight the approaches that have been adopted in order to diagnose the effects of PM using positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT).

Keywords: Particulate matter, PET, SPECT, Imaging

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Fig. 1

Diagrammatic representation of inhaled particulate matter (PM) of variable sizes. PM-linked respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurological disorders and imaging of effect of PM on human health using PET or SPECT.

Table 1.

Scientific classification of particle sizes and related diseases.

Scientific Nomenclature	PM size (μm)	Exposure	Infected site	Disease	Reference
Coarse	PM_10~2.5	5~10 μg/m³	Eye	Allergic conjunctivitis	Baldacci S (2015) Jalbert I (2015)^70,71)
Coarse	PM_10~2.5	2~5 μg/m³	Nose	Allergic rhinitis,	Jalbert I (2015)⁷¹⁾
Fine	PM_2.5~0.1	1~2 μg/m³	Lungs	Bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema, asthma	Jalbert I (2015)⁷¹⁾
Fine	PM_2.5~0.1	0.1~1 μg/m³	Lungs	Induction of alveolar damage	Jalbert I (2015)⁷¹⁾
Ultrafine	PM<_0.1	0.1 μg/m³	Brain	Ischemic stroke	Tian Y (2017)⁷²⁾

Table 2.

List of prior conducted studies explaining the effects of PM on systemic organs.

Year	Title	Reference
Cardiovascular
2018	The association between exposure to air pollutants including PM₁₀, PM_2.5, ozone, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide concentrations, and the relative risk of developing STEMI: A case-crossover design	Akbarzadeh et al.⁷³⁾
2014	A 10-year time-series analysis of respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity in Nicosia, Cyprus: the effects of short-term changes in air pollution and dust storms	Middleton et al.³⁰⁾
2012	Effect of dust storm events on daily emergency admissions for cardiovascular diseases	Tam et al.³⁷⁾
2008	Short-term effects of air pollution on a range of cardiovascular events in England and Wales: case-crossover analysis of the MINAP database, hospital admissions, and mortality	Milojevic et al.²⁹⁾
2005	Acute blood pressure responses in healthy adults during controlled air pollution exposures. Environmental health perspectives	Urch et al.³²⁾
2004	Exposure to traffic and the onset of myocardial infarction	Peters et al.³⁴⁾
2003	Air pollution and hospital admissions for ischemic heart diseases among individuals who are 64+ years of age residing in Seoul, Korea	Lee et al.³⁶⁾
2002	Inhalation of fine particulate air pollution and ozone causes acute arterial vasoconstriction in healthy adults	Brook et al.³³⁾
Respiratory
2000	Targeting aerosol deposition in patients with cystic fibrosis	Laube et al.⁵⁷⁾
2001	Air pollution and hospital admissions for respiratory conditions in Rome, Italy	Fusco et al.⁴²⁾
2007	Tuberculosis among workers exposed to free silica dust	Tiwari et al.⁴⁸⁾
2008	A 10-year time-series analysis of respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity in Nicosia,	Middleton et al.⁴⁹⁾
	Cyprus: the effects of short-term changes in air pollution and dust storms
2011	Quartz exposure and increased respiratory symptoms among coal mine workers in Tanzania	Mamuya et al.¹⁶⁾
2012	Potential determinants of coal workers' pneumoconiosis, advanced pneumoconiosis, and progressive massive fibrosis among underground coal miners in the United States	Laney et al.¹⁵⁾
2016	Risk of occupational exposure to asbestos, silicon, and arsenic, on pulmonary disorders: understanding the genetic-epigenetic interplay and future prospects	Bhattacharjee et al.⁴⁵⁾
2018	Effects of particulate matter on allergic respiratory diseases	Wu et al.²¹⁾
Neurology
2005	Effects of Asian dust storm events on daily stroke admissions in Taipei, Taiwan	Yang et al.⁵⁴⁾
2008	Air pollution, cognitive deficits, and brain abnormalities: A pilot study with children and dogs	Calderón-Garcidueñas et al.⁵²⁾
2009	Air pollution: mechanisms of neuroinflammation and CNS disease	Block⁵¹⁾
2013	Asian dust storm events are associated with an acute increase in stroke hospitalisation	Kang et al.⁵⁵⁾
2018	Air pollution and stroke	Lee et al.⁵³⁾

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