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Moon, Choi, Bae, and Choi: Comparison of Clinical Features among Children of Multicultural Families, Ethnic Koreans and Native Koreans
Original Article

J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2018;59(9):854-860.

Published online: 25 September 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2018.59.9.854

Comparison of Clinical Features among Children of Multicultural Families, Ethnic Koreans and Native Koreans

Tae Hwan Moon, MD1, 2, Dong Gyu Choi, MD3, Seok Hyun Bae, MD3, Mi Young Choi, MD1, 2,

1Department of Ophthalmology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea

2Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea

3Department of Ophthalmology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

Address reprint requests to Mi Young Choi, MD Department of Ophthalmology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, #776 1sunhwan-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju 28644, Korea Tel: 82-43-269-6335, Fax: 82-43-264-5263 E-mail: mychoi@chungbuk.ac.kr

Received 17 August 2017       Revised 13 October 2017       Accepted 22 August 2018

Copyright © 2018 Korean Ophthalmological Society

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

To explore whether genetic and environmental factors influenced ophthalmic disease among children of multicultural families, ethnic Koreans, and native Koreans.

Methods

In this retrospective study, 120 patients who visited the pediatric ophthalmology clinic of a university hospital were included. They were equally divided into three groups: a multicultural group, an ethnic Korean group, and a native Korean group. Parental nationalities, age, gender, chief complaint, visual acuity, refractive error, diagnosis at the initial visit and the extent of compliance with treatment were analyzed.

Results

Of the multicultural group, 14 (35%) of 40 patients were Chinese immigrants, and constituted the most common subgroup. None of the age at initial visit, gender, the prevalence of refractive error, or amblyopia status differed significantly among the three groups. In the multicultural and native Korean groups, the proportions of abnormal eye positioning as the chief complaint were higher than that of the ethnic Korean group (p = 0.005). The most common diagnosis in the two former groups was strabismus. Myopia was the most common diagnosis in the ethnic Korean group. The prevalence of strabismus in the multi-cultural group (55%) was significantly higher than that in the native Korean group (30%) and the ethnic Korean group (20%) (p = 0.003). The prevalence of strabismus in the multicultural group was significantly higher than in the other groups (p = 0.003). However, we found no significant difference in strabismus subtype among the three groups. In the general family group, the extent of loss to follow-up was significantly higher than in the other groups (p = 0.002).

Conclusions

The chief complaint, the prevalence of ophthalmic disease, and the compliance rate differed significantly among the three groups. Both genetic and environmental factors may have played a role.

Keywords: Amblyopia, Ethnic Korean family, Multicultural family, Myopia, Strabismus

References

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Table 1.
The clinical characteristics of three groups
  Multicultural group (n = 40) Ethnic Korean group (n = 40) Native Korean group (n = 40) p-value
Age at initial visit (years) 3.33 ± 2.29 3.82 ± 2.39 4.67 ± 4.03 0.133
Sex (male:female) (n) 19:21 19:21 24:16 0.434
Chief complaint (n, %)        
 Abnormal eye position 24 (60) 10 (25) 20 (50) 0.005
 Low vision 4 (10) 10 (25) 7 (17.5) 0.210
 Others 12 (30) 20 (50) 13 (32.5) 0.132
Strabismus (n, %) 22 (55) 8 (20) 12 (30) 0.003
Refraction error (n, %) 24 (60) 26 (65) 17 (42.5) 0.104
 Myopia 10 (41.7) 17 (65.4) 7 (41.2) 0.039
 Hyperopia 8 (33.3) 4 (15.4) 6 (35.3) 0.238
 Astigmatism 6 (25) 5 (19.2) 4 (23.5) 0.880
 Anisometropia 14 (58.3) 13 (50) 10 (58.8) 0.791
Amblyopia (n, %) 8 (20) 5 (12.5) 5 (12.5) 0.555

Values are presented as mean ± SD or n (%) unless otherwise indicated.

Table 2.
Type of strabismus
  Multicultural group (n = 22) Ethnic Korean group (n = 8) Native Korean group (n = 1 12) p-value
Exotropia 8 (36.4) 6 (75) 7 (58.3) 0.133
Esotropia Others 12 (54.5)2 (9.1)* 2 (25)0 (0) 4 (33.3) 1 (8.3)† 0.2290.664

Values are presented as n (%) unless otherwise indicated.

* Duane retraction syndrome (n = 1), dissociated vertical deviation (n = 1)

† Inferior oblique muscle overaction.

Table 3.
Cause of amblyopia
  Multicultural group (n = 8) Ethnic Korean group (n = 5) Native Korean group (n = 5)
Anisometropia 3 (37.5) 5 (100) 4 (80)
Strabismus 3 (37.5) 0 (0) 1 (20)
Combined Organic 1 (12.5)1 (12.5)* 0 (0)0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0)

Values are presented as n (%).

* Septooptic dysplasia.

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