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Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing resilience of patients with stroke.
Methods
A cross-sectional descriptive research design was used. The subjects of this study were 136 hospitalized patients with stroke in Dankook university hospital in Cheonan, Korea. Data were collected from August 2016 to March 2017 using a structured questionnaire including patient's characteristics, depression, uncertainty, social support, self-efficacy, and resilience. Data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program for descriptive statistics, using independent t-test, one way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression.
Results
Resilience had a statistically significant relationship with education(t=-2.17, p=.032), duration of diagnosis (F=4.09, p=.019), and mobility(F=4.44, p=.014). Further, depression(r=-.30, p<.001), self-efficacy(r=.44, p<.001), and social support (r=.37, p<.001) were significantly correlated with resilience. In the multiple regression analysis, self-efficacy and social support were statistically significant factors that explained 30.3% of variance of resilience in hospitalized patients with stroke. Depression and uncertainty were not found to be significant.
Conclusion
The results of the study indicate that factors influencing resilience are self-efficacy and social support. Therefore, nursing intervention programs for increasing the resilience should include strategies for improving self-efficacy and social support for hospitalized patients with stroke.
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Table 1.
Differences in Resilience according to Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics in Patients with Stroke (N=136)
| Characteristics | Categories | n (%) | M± SD | t or F (p) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | Men | 95 (69.9) | 76.86±13.40 | 1.18 |
| Women | 41 (30.1) | 73.15±18.08 | (.241) | |
| Age (year) | 65 | 70 (51.5) | 76.57±14.51 | 0.66 |
| ≥65 | 66 (48.5) | 74.86±15.55 | (.510) | |
| Spouse | Yes | 107 (78.7) | 75.07±15.07 | -1.00 |
| No | 29 (21.3) | 78.21±14.71 | (.320) | |
| Religion | Yes | 78 (57.4) | 76.60±16.03 | 0.77 |
| No | 58 (42.6) | 74.59±13.53 | (.440) | |
| Education | ≤ Middle school | 74 (54.4) | 73.23±15.00 | -2.17 |
| ≥ High school | 62 (45.6) | 78.74±14.54 | (.032) | |
| Economic status | High | 14 (10.3) | 81.71±11.45 | 2.52 |
| Middle | 84 (61.8) | 76.49±15.45 | (.084) | |
| Low | 38 (27.9) | 71.89±14.45 | ||
| Primary caregiver | Spouse | 65 (47.8) | 76.69±14.67 | .221 |
| Offspring | 25 (18.4) | 74.84±14.14 | (.926) | |
| Parent or sibling | 15 (11.0) | 74.13±20.17 | ||
| Paid caregiver | 13 (9.6) | 73.38±14.12 | ||
| None | 18 (13.2) | 76.61±14.30 | ||
| Previous stroke | No | 113 (83.1) | 76.26±15.79 | 0.39 |
| Yes | 23 (16.9) | 73.26±10.50 | (.678) | |
| Type of stroke | Infarction | 88 (64.7) | 76.08±12.48 | 0.56 |
| Hemorrhage | 41 (30.1) | 74.90±19.57 | (.572) | |
| Both infarction and hemorrhage | 7 (5.2) | 76.43±15.45 | ||
| Duration of diagnosis (month) | 1 a | 80 (58.8) | 78.75±13.20 | 4.09 |
| 2 b | 23 (16.9) | 71.61±18.63 | (.019) | |
| ≥3 c | 33 (24.3) | 71.33±14.98 | a＞ b, c† | |
| Mobility | Move alone a | 60 (44.1) | 78.03±13.81 | 4.44 |
| Using assistive devices b | 20 (14.7) | 80.95±12.85 | (.014) | |
| Help of others with assistive devices c | 56 (41.2) | 71.43±15.99 | b＞ c† |
Table 2.
The Depression, Uncertainty, Self-efficacy, Social Support, and Resilience in Patients with Stroke (N=136)
Table 3.
Correlation of Depression, Uncertainty, Self-efficacy, Social Support, and Resilience in Patients with Stroke (N=136)
| Variables | Depression | Uncertainty | Self-efficacy | Social support |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| r (p) | r (p) | r (p) | r (p) | |
| Resilience | -.30 (＜.001) | -.16 (.059) | .44 (＜.001) | .37 (＜.001) |
Table 4.
Factors Influencing Resilience in Patients with Stroke (N=136)
| Variables | B | SE | β | t | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Constant) | 13.62 | 12.51 | 1.09 | .278 | |
| Education 1† | 4.03 | 2.25 | .13 | 1.79 | .076 |
| Duration of diagnosis 1† | -3.74 | 3.04 | -.09 | -1.23 | .221 |
| Duration of diagnosis 2† | -3.13 | 2.71 | -.09 | -1.16 | .250 |
| Mobility 1† | 4.57 | 3.37 | .10 | 1.36 | .177 |
| Mobility 2† | 0.42 | 3.01 | .01 | 0.14 | .888 |
| Uncertainty | 0.02 | 0.11 | .02 | 0.16 | .875 |
| Self-efficacy | 0.26 | 0.07 | .37 | 3.73 | .001 |
| Social support | 0.52 | 0.12 | .33 | 4.47 | .001 |
| Adj. R2=.303, F=8.31, p＜.001 | |||||
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