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Abstract
Purpose
This study was conducted among older women to (1) identify their levels of knowledge, self-efficacy, and health behavior in dealing with osteoporosis and falls and (2) explore the relationships between the study variables based on a health-beliefs model.
Methods
With a cross-sectional survey design, we recruited 94 older women of ages from 65 to 74 at a community setting via convenience sampling. The study participants completed two sets of structured questionnaires (on osteoporosis and fall prevention).
Results
The general characteristics of the study participants demonstrated that the women were at high risk for osteoporosis and falls. Overall, the levels of knowledge about osteoporosis and falls, their self-efficacy, and their preventive behaviors were average or slightly above. The relationships between the study variables showed that self-efficacy and healthy behavior, such as doing osteoporosis exercise, eating an osteoporosis diet, and avoiding falls, were related (r=38, p<.001; r=.33, p<.05; r=.26, p<.05). In addition, there were statistically significant relationships between osteoporosis and fall prevention knowledge (r=.37∼.46, p<.001), self-efficacy (r=.50∼.53, p<.001), and preventive behaviors (r=.50, p<.001).
Conclusion
The women's scores on osteoporosis and fall knowledge, self-efficacy, and preventive behaviors suggest an urgent need for the implementation of educational programs for older women. A close relationship between self-efficacy and health behaviors implies a need for transformation of a traditional one-way lecture form.
References
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Table 1.
General Characteristics of Study Participants (N=94)
Table 2.
Levels of Knowledge, Self-efficacy, and Preventive Health Behavior on Osteoporosis and Falls (N=94)
Table 3.
Frequencies of Reported Answers on Osteoporosis and Fall Knowledge (N=94)
| Categories | Statement | Correct answers | Most frequently reported answers |
|---|---|---|---|
| Osteoporosis | Exercising on a regular basis | Less Likely (86.0) | Less Likely (86.0) |
| – general | Eating a diet LOW in milk products | More Likely (72.0) | More Likely (72.0) |
| Being menopausal; "changing life" | More Likely (71.3) | More Likely (71.3) | |
| Taking cortisone (steroids e.g. Prednisone) for long time | More Likely (53.8) | More Likely (53.8) | |
| Being a skinny woman with a small body frame | More Likely (49.5) | More Likely (49.5) | |
| Eating a diet high in dark green leafy vegetables | Less Likely (46.7) | Less Likely (46.7) | |
| Having a mother or grandmother who has osteoporosis | More Likely (44.7) | More Likely (44.7) | |
| Having big bones | Less Likely (44.6) | Less Likely (44.6) | |
| Having ovaries surgically removed | More Likely† (33.3) | Don't Know (37.6) | |
| Osteoporosis | Which of the following is the best way to reduce a person's | Aerobic dancing (77.4) | Aerobic dancing (77.4) |
| – physical activities | chance of getting osteoporosis? | Jogging or running for exercise (70.2) | Jogging or running for exercise (70.2) |
| Bicycling (50.0) | Bicycling (50.0) | ||
| Walking briskly† (33.3) | Swimming (63.4) | ||
| How many days a week do you think a person should exercise to strengthen the bones? | 3 or more days a week (94.6) | 3 or more days a week (94.6) | |
| What is the least amount of time a person should exercise on each occasion to strengthen the bones? | 20 to 30 minutes (64.9) | 20 to 30 minutes (64.9) | |
| Exercise makes bones strong, but it must be hard enough to make breathing: | Much faster, but talking is possible† (28.0) | s Just a little faster (67.7) | |
| Osteoporosis – diet | Which of these is a good source of calcium? | Canned Sardines (97.8) Cheese (78.7) | Canned Sardines (97.8) Cheese (78.7) |
| Broccoli (46.8) | Broccoli (46.8) | ||
| Yogurt† (34.0) | Cabbage (54.3) | ||
| Ice cream† (5.30) | Radishes (43.6) | ||
| Which of the following is the best reason for taking a calcium supplement? | If a person does not get enough calcium from diet (42.6) | If a person does not get enough calcium from diet (42.6) | |
| How much milk must an adult drink to meet the recommended amount of calcium | 2 or more glasses daily (400 cc)† (37.2) | 1 glass daily (200 cc) (57.4) | |
| Which of the following is the recommended amount of calcium intake for an adult? | 800 mg or more daily† (6.5) | Don't Know (66.3) | |
| Fall | Wearing lower heel or non-slippery shoes Walking slowly to keep the balance on the bumpy ground (e.g. icy roads) | Less Likely (91.5) Less Likely (90.3) | Less Likely (91.5) Less Likely (90.3) |
| Holding side rails when going up and down the stairs | Less Likely (89.4) | Less Likely (89.4) | |
| Looking around and moving slowly when sitting up and down | Less Likely (86.2) | Less Likely (86.2) | |
| Attaching fall preventive tape on the bathroom floor tiles | Less Likely (85.1) | Less Likely (85.1) | |
| Restarting with light exercises and gradually increasing the amount of activities after taking a short break | Less Likely (81.9) | Less Likely (81.9) | |
| Brightening up the rooms to avoid falling down | Less Likely (80.9) | Less Likely (80.9) | |
| Reorganizing the furniture to prevent tripping over when going in and out | Less Likely (76.6) | Less Likely (76.6) |
Table 4.
Differences on the Levels of Study Variables (N=94)
Table 5.
Relationships between Major Study Variables
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