Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and its influencing factors in Koreans with Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD).
Methods
One hundred and four participants were recruited from Severance hospital in Seoul, Korea. A PAD-specific quality of life questionnaire was used to measure HRQoL. The relevant knowledge, social support, and demographic and clinical characteristics were also measured. Descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were performed.
Results
The mean scores of PAD-related knowledge and social support were high, while those of the HRQoL were low. The HRQoL was significantly higher among university graduates than those who had completed only middle school, and among those with coronary artery disease. The HRQoL in patients with PAD was significantly correlated with duration of diagnosis, the Rutherford classification, rest pain, walking pain, medical staff support, and family support. It was significantly affected by walking pain, duration of diagnosis, medical staff support, and rest pain. The regression model accounted for 38.4% of the HRQoL in this study.
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Table 1.
Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients (N=104)
Characteristics | Categories | n (%) or M± SD |
---|---|---|
Gender | Men | 96 (92.3) |
Women | 8 (7.7) | |
Age (year) | 60 | 27 (26.0) |
60~69 | 25 (24.0) | |
70~79 | 40 (38.5) | |
≥80 | 12 (11.5) | |
66.40±13.26 | ||
Spouse | Yes | 84 (80.8) |
No | 20 (19.2) | |
Education | Elementary school | 16 (15.4) |
Middle school | 18 (17.3) | |
High school | 42 (40.4) | |
College | 28 (26.9) | |
Employment | Unemployed | 61 (58.7) |
Employed | 43 (41.3) | |
Monthly income (10,000 won) | 100 | 31 (29.8) |
100~199 | 12 (11.5) | |
200~299 | 14 (13.5) | |
300~399 | 10 (9.6) | |
400~499 | 8 (7.7) | |
≥500 | 22 (21.2) | |
No response | 7 (6.7) | |
Current smoking | Never | 29 (27.9) |
Quit | 50 (48.1) | |
Current | 25 (24.0) | |
Current drinking | Never | 43 (41.3) |
Quit | 26 (25.0) | |
Current | 35 (33.7) | |
Patient type | Outpatient | 91 (87.5) |
Inpatient | 13 (12.5) | |
Comorbidity† | Dyslipidemia | 76 (73.1) |
Hypertension | 75 (72.1) | |
Diabetes | 60 (57.7) | |
Coronary artery disease | 51 (49.0) | |
Others | 75 (72.1) | |
Duration of diagnosis (year) | 4.99±4.87 | |
PTA or surgery | Yes | 70 (67.3) |
No | 34 (32.7) | |
Ankle brachial index | Right | 0.87±0.23 |
Left | 0.90±0.25 | |
Rutherford's classification | 0 | 15 (14.4) |
1 | 13 (12.5) | |
2 | 15 (14.4) | |
3 | 26 (25.0) | |
4 | 27 (26.0) | |
5 | 5 (4.8) | |
6 | 3 (2.9) | |
Pain | Resting pain | 1.11±2.11 |
Walking pain | 4.03±3.25 |
Table 2.
The Knowledge of Peripheral Arterial Disease, Social Support, Health-related Quality of Life of Patients (N=104)
Table 3.
Differences in Health-Related Quality of Life according to Patients’ Characteristics (N=104)
Characteristics | Categories (n) | M± SD | t or F | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | Men (96) | 48.56±18.28 | 1.30 | .196 | |
Women (8) | 39.87±16.17 | ||||
Spouse | Yes (84) | 48.20±18.47 | 0.34 | .732 | |
No (20) | 46.63±17.43 | ||||
Education | Elementary school a (16) | 41.22±14.20 | 3.88 | .011† | |
Middle school b (18) | 40.53±17.50 | d> b | |||
High school c (42) | 48.16±15.93 | ||||
≥ College d (28) | 56.05±21.04 | ||||
Employment | Unemployed (61) | 46.69±18.22 | -0.81 | .423 | |
Empleyed (43) | 49.61±18.26 | ||||
Monthly income (10,000 won) | 100 (31) | 44.01±17.77 | 1.47 | .196 | |
100~199 (12) | 46.50±12.60 | ||||
200~299 (14) | 49.40±17.75 | ||||
300~399 (10) | 43.47±16.45 | ||||
400~499 (8) | 59.61±19.16 | ||||
≥500 (22) | 53.30±22.06 | ||||
no response (7) | 40.45±11.17 | ||||
Patient type | Outpatient (91) | 47.97±17.92 | 0.11 | .912 | |
Inpatient (13) | 47.37±20.88 | ||||
Current smoking | Never (29) | 43.07±16.22 | 1.75 | .179 | |
Quit (50) | 50.94±18.31 | ||||
Yes (25) | 47.41±19.58 | ||||
Current drinking | Never (43) | 44.81±17.26 | 1.69 | .189 | |
Quit (26) | 47.06±19.15 | ||||
Yes (35) | 52.30±18.27 | ||||
PTA or surgery | Yes (70) | 46.35±18.58 | 1.24 | .217 | |
No (34) | 51.06±17.23 | ||||
Ankle brachial index-Right | 0.9~1.3 (61) | 48.90±18.68 | 0.67 | .507 | |
>0.9 or<1.3 (43) | 46.47±17.63 | ||||
Ankle brachial index-Left | 0.9~1.3 (62) | 49.58±18.24 | 1.15 | .252 | |
>0.9 or<1.3 (42) | 45.40±18.08 | ||||
Comorbidity‡ | Dyslipidemia | Yes (76) | 49.70±19.05 | -1.68 | .097 |
No (28) | 43.01±14.92 | ||||
Hypertension | Yes (75) | 48.18±18.62 | -0.25 | .802 | |
No (29) | 47.17±17.37 | ||||
Diabetes | Yes (60) | 50.41±18.81 | -1.66 | .100 | |
No (44) | 44.46±16.95 | ||||
CAD | Yes (51) | 51.75±20.25 | -2.15 | .034§ | |
No (53) | 44.18±15.29 | ||||
Others | Yes (75) | 47.33±17.98 | 0.51 | .611 | |
No (29) | 49.36±19.01 |
Table 4.
Correlation of Subject's Characteristics, Social Support, Peripheral Arterial Disease related Knowledge and Health- related Quality of Life (N=104)