Effect of Auricular Acupressure on Nausea, Vomiting, and Retching in Patients with Colorectal Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy

Nayeon Shin; Jummi Park

doi:10.7475/kjan.2018.30.3.227

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Shin and Park: Effect of Auricular Acupressure on Nausea, Vomiting, and Retching in Patients with Colorectal Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy

Original Article

Korean J Adult Nurs 2018;30(3):227-234.

Published online: 21 June 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2018.30.3.227

Effect of Auricular Acupressure on Nausea, Vomiting, and Retching in Patients with Colorectal Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy

Nayeon Shin¹, Jummi Park^2,

¹Bundang CHA Hospital, Seongnam, Korea

²Department of Nursing, Namseoul University, Cheonan, Korea

Corresponding author: Park, Jummi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9321-8716 Department of Nursing, Namseoul University, 91 Dahhak-ro, Seonghwan-eup, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan 31020, Korea. Tel: +82-41-580-2716, Fax: +82-31-780-5840, E-mail: jump@nsu.ac.kr

Received 5 March 201815 May 2018 Accepted 5 June 2018

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of auricular acupressure on nausea, vomiting, and retching in patients with colorectal cancer receiving chemotherapy.

Methods

A non-equivalent control group with a pretest-posttest design was used. The participants were assigned into either the control or the experimental group. The patients were recruited from November 2013 to March 2014 from a tertiary hospital in Seongnam city, South Korea. A total of 50 patients completed the study. The Korean version of the Index of Nausea, Vomiting, and Retching (INVR) was used.

Results

The experimental group showed significantly lower nausea (p=.011) and retching (p=.014) than did the control group after receiving auricular acupressure. There were significant interaction effects between time and group on auricular acupressure on nausea (F=3.11, p=.009) and retching (F=3.01, p=.010). There were significant interaction effects between time and group on auricular acupressure on total score of INVR (F=8.23, p<.001).

Conclusion

Auricular acupressure therapy is effective in relieving nausea and retching after chemotherapy. Auricular acupressure intervention could be used to improve the quality of life for patients with colorectal cancer.

Keywords: Acupressure, Colorectal neoplasm, Nausea, Vomiting

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Figure 1.

Conceptual framework.

Table 1.

Homogeneity Test of General and Disease-related Characteristics between Two Groups (N=50)

Characteristics	Categories	Exp. (n=25)	Cont. (n=25)	Total (n=50)	x² or t (p)
Characteristics	Categories	n (%) or M± SD	n (%) or M± SD	n (%) or M± SD	x² or t (p)
Gender	Men	11 (22.0)	15 (30.0)	26 (52.0)	2.00 (.340)
Gender	Women	14 (28.0)	10 (20.0)	24 (48.0)
Age (year)		53.42±4.15	49.10±3.78	51.51±2.15	1.52 (.200)
Education (year)		11.45±2.02	11.37±4.23	11.40±3.79	0.69 (.480)
Diagnosis period (month)	＞6	10 (22.0)	9 (18.0)	19 (38.0)	2.77 (.090)
	6~11	8 (16.0)	12 (24.0)	20 (40.0)
	≥12	6 (12.0)	5 (10.0)	11 (22.0)
Stage	II	5 (10.0)	6 (11.0)	11 (27.0)	3.57 (.070)
	III	13 (25.0)	11 (21.0)	24 (49.0)
	IV	7 (15.0)	8 (18.0)	15 (34.0)
Experience of operation	Yes	15 (30.0)	20 (41.0)	35 (72.0)	0.53 (.400)
Experience of operation	No	10 (20.0)	5 (10.0)	15 (28.0)
Antiemetics	Zofran	13 (26.0)	9 (18.0)	22 (44.0)	4.71 (.008)
	Macperan	8 (16.0)	11 (22.0)	19 (38.0)
	Aloxi	2 (4.0)	1 (2.0)	3 (6.0)
	Emend	2 (4.0)	4 (8.0)	6 (12.0)
Frequency of taking antiemesis medicine (per day)	0~3	16 (32.0)	19 (38.0)	35 (70.0)	0.91 (.770)
	4~5	7 (14.0)	4 (8.0)	11 (22.0)
	≥6	2 (4.0)	2 (4.0)	4 (8.0)
Experience of radiation therapy	Yes	8 (16.0)	4 (8.0)	12 (24.0)	5.12 (.020)
Experience of radiation therapy	No	17 (34.0)	21 (42.0)	38 (76.0)

Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group.

Table 2.

Homogeneity Test of Dependent Variables between Two Groups (N=50)

Variables	Exp. (n=25)	Cont. (n=25)	t	p
Variables	M± SD	M± SD	t	p
INVR-Nausea	7.87±3.95	8.21±2.59	0.74	.460
INVR-Vomitting	5.20±1.30	4.97±2.32	0.50	.670
INVR-Retching	2.67±1.12	2.88±1.91	0.87	.390
Total	13.61±6.88	14.89±8.01	1.21	.090

Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group; INVR=Index of Nausea, Vomiting and Retching.

Table 3.

Distribution Analysis of Repeated Measures of Nausea, Vomiting and Retching between Two Groups (N=50)

Categories	Group (n)	Pretest	Posttest 1^†	Posttest 2^‡	Source	F	p
Categories	Group (n)	M± SD	M± SD	M± SD	Source	F	p
INVR-Nausea	Exp. (n=25)	7.87±3.95	9.91±4.95	9.12±3.17	Group effect	2.64	.011
	Cont. (n=25)	8.21±2.59	8.80±5.87	11.27±5.19	Time effect	1.71	.307
					G×T effect	3.11	.009
INVR-Vomiting	Exp. (n=25)	5.20±1.30	10.33±4.51	10.20±3.99	Group effect	1.64	.068
	Cont. (n=25)	4.97±2.32	10.41±4.95	11.19±4.88	Time effect	1.97	.057
					G×T effect	1.05	.071
INVR-Retching	Exp. (n=25)	2.67±1.12	3.75±2.62	2.11±2.01	Group effect	2.23	.014
	Cont. (n=25)	2.88±1.91	3.28±2.87	2.94±1.62	Time effect	1.24	.255
					G×T effect	3.01	.010
Total	Exp. (n=25)	13.61±6.88	11.74±4.88	10.61±1.88	Group effect	3.98	.016
	Cont. (n=25)	14.89±8.01	12.11±5.62	13.89±2.01	Time effect	3.31	.018
					G×T effect	8.23	.001

Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group; INVR=Index of Nausea, Vomiting and Retching; G×T=Group & Time;

^† After chemotherapy;

^‡ 7 days after chemotherapy.

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