Journal List > J Korean Acad Prosthodont > v.56(3) > 1099090

Yi, Gil, Lee, Ahn, and Seo: The effect of heat to remove cement on implant titanium abutment and screw

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of heat applied to disintegrate cement on the removal torque value and fracture strength of titanium abutment and abutment screw.

Materials and methods

Implants, titanium abutments and abutment screws were prepared for each 20 piece. Implant abutments and screws were classified as the control group in which no heat was applied and the experimental group was heated in a vacuum furnace to 450°C for 8 minutes and cooled in air. The abutments and screws were connected to the implants with 30 Ncm tightening torque at interval 10 minutes and the removal torque value was measured 15 minutes later. And the fracture strength of abutment screw was measured using universal testing machine.

Results

The mean removal torque value was 27.84 ± 1.07 Ncm in the control group and 26.55 ± 1.56 Ncm in the experimental group and showed statistically significant difference (P < .05). The mean fracture strength was 731.47 ± 39.46 N in the control group and 768.58 ± 46.73 N in the experimental group and showed statistically no significant difference (P > .05).

Conclusion

The heat applied for cement disintegration significantly reduced the removal torque value of the abutment screw and did not significantly affect fracture strength of the abutment screw. Therefore, in the case of applying heat to disintegrate cement it is necessary to separate the abutment screw or pay attention to the reuse of the heated screw. However further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical reuse of the heated screw. (J Korean Acad Prosthodont 2018;56:179-87)

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Fig. 1.
Materials used in the experiment. (A) Implant, (B) Abutment, (C) Abutment screw.
jkap-56-179f1.tif
Fig. 2.
Implant embedding and fixation with specimen holder. (A) Autopolymerizing acrylic resin replica, (B, C) Putty die, (D) Implant embedded with acrylic resin, (E) Embedded implant in specimen holder. 3 mm below the platform was not embedded to reflect vertical bone resorption.
jkap-56-179f2.tif
Fig. 3.
Vacuum furnace.
jkap-56-179f3.tif
Fig. 4.
Experimental design for removal torque value test. (A) After implant was fixed with specimen holder, abutment screwed on the implant. Abutment screw was tightened with an insertion torque of 30 Ncm and retightened after 10 minutes, (B) Digital torque meter was used to reach reproducible and accurate force. Removal torque value was measured after 15 minutes using the digital torque meter.
jkap-56-179f4.tif
Fig. 5.
Experimental design for static compressive loading test. (A) Universal testing machine, (B) Implant-screw-abutment assembly was fixed in specimen holder. The specimen was positioned so that the load was applied at an angle of 30 degrees to the long axis of the assembly. The tin foil was placed between abutment and loading piston for even force.
jkap-56-179f5.tif
Fig. 6.
Removal torque value of abutment screw. Histogram showing mean removal torque value of abutment screws. The removal torque value was significantly different between the two groups (P < .05).
jkap-56-179f6.tif
Fig. 7.
Fractured abutment screw at the shank area.
jkap-56-179f7.tif
Fig. 8.
Fracture load of abutment screw. Histogram showing mean fracture load of abutment screws. The fracture load was not significantly different between the two groups (P > .05).
jkap-56-179f8.tif
Table 1.
Mechanical properties of the base metal
Alloys Chemical contents (wt%) TS (MPa) YS (MPa)
N (max) C (max) H (max) Fe (max) O (max) Al V Ti
Pure Ti (Grade 4) 0.05 0.08 0.015 0.50 0.40 - - 98.96 550 483
Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5) 0.05 0.08 0.012 0.25 0.13 6 4 88.48 860 795

According to the information provided by the manufactures. TS: Tensile strength, YS: Yield Strength

Table 2.
Descriptive statistics of removal torque value of abutment screw
Group Mean SD Removal torque value (Ncm) 95% Significance level Minimum Maximum
Low limit High limit
Non-heat 27.84 1.07 27.08 28.60 25.90 29.00
Heat 26.55 1.56 25.44 27.66 22.90 28.70
Table 3.
Descriptive statistics of fracture strength of abutment screw
Group Mean SD Fracture strength (N) 95% Significance level Minimum Maximum
Low limit High limit
Non-heat 731.47 39.46 703.25 759.70 664.05 791.74
Heat 768.58 46.73 735.16 802.01 720.20 868.97
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