Multi-tracer Imaging of a Compton Camera

Soo Mee Kim

doi:10.14316/pmp.2015.26.1.18

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Kim: Multi-tracer Imaging of a Compton Camera

Original Article

Progress in Medical Physics 2015;26(1):18-26.

Published online: 20 March 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14316/pmp.2015.26.1.18

Multi-tracer Imaging of a Compton Camera

Soo Mee Kim

Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA

Correspondence:Soo Mee Kim(smeekim@uw.edu) Tel:1-206-543-4940, Fax:1-206-543-8356

Received 2 January 2015 Revised 2 March 2015 Accepted 10 March 2015

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Since a Compton camera has high detection sensitivity due to electronic collimation and a good energy resolution, it is a potential imaging system for nuclear medicine. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of a Compton camera for multi-tracer imaging and proposed a rotating Compton camera to satisfy Orlov's condition for 3D imaging. Two software phantoms of 140 and 511 keV radiation sources were used for Monte-Carlo simulation and then the simulation data were reconstructed by listmode ordered subset expectation maximization to evaluate the capability of multi-tracer imaging in a Compton camera. And the Compton camera rotating around the object was proposed and tested with different rotation angle steps for improving the limited coverage of the fixed conventional Compton camera over the field-of-view in terms of histogram of angles in spherical coordinates. The simulation data showed the separate 140 and 511 keV images from simultaneous multi-tracer detection in both 2D and 3D imaging and the number of valid projection lines on the conical surfaces was inversely proportional to the decrease of rotation angle. Considering computation load and proper number of projection lines on the conical surface, the rotation angle of 30 degree was sufficient for 3D imaging of the Compton camera in terms of 26 min of computation time and 5 million of detected event number and the increased detection time can be solved with multiple Compton camera system. The Compton camera proposed in this study can be effective system for multi-tracer imaging and is a potential system for development of various disease diagnosis and therapy approaches.

Keywords: Compton camera, Multi-tracer imaging, Rotating Compton camera, Multiple Compton camera, Electronic collimation

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Fig. 1.

Two-dimensional circular disk software phantom containing two radiation sources of 140 and 511 keV energies for multi-tracer imaging simulation.

Fig. 2.

Three-dimensional cylindrical software phantom and 4 spheres (dia.=3.2, 4.2, 5.4, 7.0 mm) containing two radiation sources of 140 and 511 keV energies for multi-tracer imaging simulation.

Fig. 3.

Rotating Compton camera around z-axis with a rotation angle of ΔR_ϕ.

Fig. 4.

Sampling technique of lines on conical surface defined with two detection positions and a scattering angle and the corresponding angles  and ϕ of the sampled lines in spherical coordinate.

Fig. 5.

Multi-tracer images reconstructed from the Monte-Carlo simulation data of 2D circular disk of 140 keV and a point source of 511 keV: total event number of (a) 98×10³ (98K) and (b) 980×10³ (980K).

Fig. 6.

Multi-tracer images reconstructed from the Monte-Carlo simulation data of 3D cylindrical phantom: (a) four spheres of 511 keV, (b) uniform cylinder of 140 keV, (c) summed multi-tracer image of 3D cylindrical phantom (top: y-z planes, bottom: x-y planes of the reconstructed images).

Fig. 7.

Histogram of spherical angles  and ϕ for the sampled lines on the detected conical surfaces: (a) fixed Compton camera at x-axis and (b) rotating Compton camera around z-axis with an angle ΔR_ϕ=10°.

Fig. 8.

Histogram of spherical angles  and ϕ for the sampled lines on the detected conical surfaces in rotating Compton camera with (a) ΔR_ϕ=90°, (b) ΔR_ϕ= 45°, (c) ΔR_ϕ=30°, (d) ΔR_ϕ=10°.

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