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Yoon and Kim: Pregnant Women's Knowledge and Compliance about Prevention of Respiratory Infection
Original Article

Korean J Nosocomial Infect Control 2013;18(1):7-14.

Published online: 5 January 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14192/kjnic.2013.18.1.7

Pregnant Women's Knowledge and Compliance about Prevention of Respiratory Infection

Sung Won Yoon1, Og Son Kim2

Department of Nursing, Chungwoon University, Hwaseong, Korea

Hongseong-gun, Department of Nursing, Suwon Science College, Hwaseong, Korea

Correspondence: Og Son Kim, Department of Nursing, Suwon Science College, San 9-10, Botong-ri, Jeongnammyeon, Hwaseong 445-742, Korea Tel: 031-350-2476, Fax: 031-350-2429 E-mail: oskim-icp@hanmail.net

Received 15 June 2012       Accepted 8 March 2013

Copyright © 2013 Korean Society for Nosocomial Infection Control

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Background

Respiratory infection in pregnancy can cause various side effects and affect the fetus. Therefore, efforts to prevent infection during pregnancy are essential. This study investigated knowledge and compliance regarding the prevention of respiratory infection among pregnant women.

Methods

A survey was conducted on May 10, 2012 on 300 pregnant women who attended a maternity school education program in a tertiary care hospital. The responses of 259 women were collected and analyzed.

Results

Only 2 women (0.8%) had been educated about respiratory infection prevention methods, while 106 (40.9%) experienced respiratory infection during pregnancy. The mean score of respiratory infection prevention knowledge was 11.63 out of 15 points (percentage of correct answers: 77.5%). The mean score for compliance to respiratory infection prevention was 32.34 out of 52 points (percentage of practice: 62.19%). Knowledge and compliance were found to be positively correlated.

Conclusion

Although many pregnant women experience respiratory infection during pregnancy, few have opportunities to be educated about prevention. Thus, the positive correlation between knowledge and compliance highlights the need for respiratory infection prevention education programs.

Keywords: Compliance, Infection, Knowledge, Pregnant woman, Respiratory

References

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Table 1.
Characteristics of the subjects (N=259)
Characteristics N (%) Mean±SD
Age (yr)   30.38±2.95
≤25 14 (5.4)  
26-30 121 (46.7)  
31-35 117 (45.1)  
≥36 7 (2.7)  
Number of children   0.17±0.41
No children 220 (84.9)  
One child or more 39 (15.1)  
Gestation period   26.85±7.68
1st trimester 14 (5.4)  
2nd trimester 97 (37.5)  
3rd trimester 148 (57.1)  
Education    
High school 32 (12.4)  
College/University 191 (73.7)  
Graduated school 36 (13.9)  
Economic status    
High class 59 (22.7)  
Middle class 183 (70.7)  
Low class 17 (6.6)  
Experience of respiratory    
infection during pregnancy    
Yes 106 (40.9)  
No 153 (59.1)  
Experience of respiratory    
infection prevention education    
Yes 2 (0.8)  
No 257 (99.2)  

Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.

Table 2.
Knowledge of respiratory infection preventio (N=259)
Subscale Items Mean±SD
Hand hygiene I wash hands after going outside even my hands are clean. 0.98±0.10
  I prefer to wash hands with water only (no soap). (reverse) 0.88±0.32
  When I wash hands, I rinse hands after rubbing hands 5 seconds (up to 9 seconds). (reverse) 0.01±0.13
  Subtotal 1.88±0.38
Vaccination Influenza vaccination is discouraged during pregnancy because it can affect the fetus. (reverse) 0.47±0.50
  Receiving rubella vaccination before pregnancy is encouraged because rubella can affect the fetus. 0.92±0.26
  Receiving chickenpox vaccination before pregnancy is encouraged because chickenpox can affect the fetus. 0.61±0.48
  Subtotal 2.02±0.83
Isolation precaution I cover my nose and mouth when people cough around me. 0.95±0.21
  When there is flu going around, a flu pandemic, I wear a mask to crowded places. 0.95±0.21
  I prefer to have a distance more than 90 cm to avoid splashing particle who cough in front of me. 0.92±0.26
  I prefer to cover my nose and mouth when people cough around me. 0.93±0.25
  I take distance with preschoolers that have just had rubella/chickenpox vaccination. This is because rubella/chickenpox can be contagious for about four weeks after vaccination. 0.41±0.49
  Subtotal 4.17±0.89
Health management I prefer to go to the hospital when I have respiratory tract symptoms such as coughing, sneezing and stuffy nose. 0.93±0.25
  There is no relationship between sufficient rest and prevention of respiratory infection. (reverse) 0.81±0.39
  There is no relationship between nutritional diet and prevention of respiratory infection. (reverse) 0.86±0.33
  There is no relationship between regular exercise and prevention of respiratory infection. (reverse) 0.86±0.34
  Subtotal 3.47±0.97
Total   11.63±2.04

Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.

Table 3.
Compliance of respiratory infection prevention (N=259)
Subscale Items Mean±SD
Hand hygiene I wash hands after going outside. 3.55±0.63
  When I wash hands, I only wash hands with water (no soap). (reverse) 3.13±0.81
  When I wash my hands, I rinse hands after rubbing them for about 5 seconds (up to 9 seconds). (reverse) 1.78±0.65
  Subtotal 8.47±1.03
Vaccination I had the influenza vaccination last winter (or autumn). 1.95±1.15
  I had the rubella vaccination before pregnancy. 2.44±1.38
  I had the chickenpox vaccination before pregnancy. 1.72±1.09
  Subtotal 6.12±2.60
Isolation precaution I cover my nose and mouth when people cough around me. 2.77±0.94
  I try to avoid going to crowded place in order to prevent infection. 2.24±0.79
  To prevent respiratory infections, I try not to touch my nose, or mouth with hand when I'm outside. 2.14±0.75
  Subtotal 7.17±2.03
Health management I go to hospital when I have respiratory tract symptoms such as coughing, sneezing and stuffy nose. 2.61±0.80
  I do have a sufficient rest to prevent respiratory infections. 2.80±0.70
  I pay attention to the nutritional diet to prevent respiratory infections. 2.64±0.73
  I exercise regularly to prevent respiratory infections. 2.51±0.71
  Subtotal 10.58±2.30
Total   32.34±5.21

Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.

Table 4.
Knowledge and compliance of respiratory infection prevention by characteristics (N=259)
Characteristics Knowledge
   Compliance
Mean±SD F/t P   Mean±SD F/t P
Age (yr)              
≤25 10.42±2.20 2.62 .051   30.71±4.33 2.82 .039⋆
26-30 11.84±2.25       31.90±5.04    
31-35 11.49±1.77       32.69±5.38    
≥36 12.42±1.27       37.00±4.43    
Number of children              
No children 11.60±2.04 -0.56 .576   32.53±5.05 1.61 .161
One child or more 11.80±2.08       31.26±6.00    
Gestation period              
1st trimester 11.86±1.03 0.14 .872   31.00±6.01 2.42 .091⋆
2nd trimester 11.66±1.95       33.22±5.22    
3rd trimester 11.58±2.18       31.89±5.08    
Education              
High school 10.94±2.56 2.15 .119   28.94±4.33 11.68 <.001
College/University 11.70±1.94       32.45±4.91   a<b,c
Graduated School 11.83±2.04       34.78±6.02   b<c
Economic Status              
High class 11.92±2.55 1.17 .314   32.88±5.56 2.33 .099⋆
Middle class 11.58±1.82       32.93±5.09    
Low class 11.12±2.32       29.82±4.92    
Experience of respiratory              
infection during pregnancy              
Yes 11.49±1.84 -0.88 .378   32.08±5.29 -0.64 .520
No 11.72±2.17       32.51±5.17    

⋆ No difference in post-hoc analysis.

Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; F, ANOVA; t, independent t test; a, high school; b, college/university; c, graduate school.

Table 5.
The Correlation between knowledge and compliance of respiratory infection prevention (N=259)
Compliance Knowledge
Hand hygiene Vaccination Isolation precaution Health management Knowledge total
Hand hygiene r=.125 (P=.044)        
Vaccination   r=.169 (P=.006)      
Isolation precaution     r=.234 (P=.000)    
Health management       r=.309 (P<.001)  
Compliance total         r=.254 (P<.001)

Abbreviation: r, Pearson correlation coefficient.

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