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Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to evaluate antibiotic consumption by adult patients at a single university hospital in Korea between 2001 and 2012.
Methods
We used the 2004 World Health Organization Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System definition of defined daily doses (DDD) per 1,000 patient-days to calculate the annual antibiotic consumption for 18 antibiotic groups. Chi-square linear-by-linear analysis was performed to evaluate antibiotic consumption trends for each group.
Results
Average annual antibiotic consumption during 2001-2012 was 644.6 DDD/1,000 patient-days (standard deviation, 33.3 DDD/1,000 patient-days). Although no statistically significant change was observed during the study period, consumption of first- and second-generation cephalosporins, and aminoglycosides was significantly decreased, while that of beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitors, fourth-generation cephalosporins, carbapenem, glycopeptide, linezolid, colistin, and quinolone increased significantly.
References
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Fig. 1.
The amount of annual oral, parenteral, and total antibiotic consumption between 2001 and 2012.
Fig. 2.
(A) Change of annual consumption of antibiotics categorized into 18 groups. Antibiotics are plotted in (A) if mean defined daily dose/1,000 patient-days are above 30. (B) Change of annual consumption of antibiotics categorized into 18 groups. Antibiotics are plotted in (B) if mean defined daily dose/1,000 patient-days are below 30.
Fig. 3.
(A) Change of annual consumption of broad spectrum antibiotics (3rd generation cephalosporin, 4th generation cephalosporin, carbapenem, glycopeptide, and quinolone) for patients in the intensive care units. (B) Change of antimicrobial resistance rate in the intensive care units. Carba, carbapenem; OXA, oxacillin; CTX, ceftriaxone; CIP, ciprofloxacin; VAN, vancomycin, ABA, A. baumannii; PAE, P. aeruginosa; SAU, S. aureus; ECO, E. coli; KPN, K. pneumoniae, EFM, E. faecium; %R, % resistant.
Table 1.
Categorization of antibiotics into 18 groups
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