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Abstract
Congenital esophageal stenosis (CES) is a rare disease that has been reported to occur once in every 25,000 to 50,000 births. According to its etiology, CES is divided into 3 subtypes, tracheobronchial remnants (TBR), fibromuscular hypertrophy (FMH) and membranous diaphragm (MD). Symptoms begin at the weaning period and the introduction of solid food around 6 months with dysphagia and vomiting. Esophagography is first screening test and endoscopic ultrasonography plays important roles to diagnose subtypes deciding therapeutic plan. TBRs were generally treated with surgical resection and end-to-end anasotomosis, whereas FMH and MD had good response rate to endoscopic or radiologic guided dilatation. This article reviews the literature on the etiology, clinical course, diagnosis and management of CES including recent opinion.
Figures and Tables
Fig. 1
Histologic findings of the resected congenital esophageal stenosis segment revealed respiratory epithelium (arrows) and cartilage (arrowheads) in the esophageal wall (H&E, ×40).
Fig. 2
Upper gastrointestinal contrast study revealed a dilated esophagus proximal to a distal esophageal stenosis (arrows). (A) Anteroposterior view. (B) Lateral view.
Fig. 3
Endoscopic ultrasound revealed hypoechoic structure in the esophageal wall. Data from the article of Quiros et al. (J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013;56:e14) [18].
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