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Dongjun Ha*, Duckhee Kim
, Heuichul Gwak
, Heuichul Gwak
Abstract
Ankle sprains are among the most common injuries sustained during athletic activities and daily life. Acute ankle sprain is usually managed conservatively with functional rehabilitation but the failure of conservative treatment leads to the development of chronic ankle instability. The development of repetitive ankle sprains and persistent symptoms after injury has been termed chronic ankle instability. Acute ankle sprains and chronic ankle instability require a careful evaluation to detect other comorbidities, such as subtalar instability, osteochondral defect, peroneal tendinopathy, tarsal coalition, os trigonum, flexor hallucis longus tendinitis, calcaneus anterior process fracture, and neural injuries. For the successful treatment of acute ankle sprains and chronic ankle instability, the treatment of comorbidity lesions should be performed first.
Figures and Tables
Figure 1
(A, B) Partial tear of anterior talofibular (ATFL): diffuse internal hypoechoic area with swelling (arrows). (C, D) Complete tear of ATFL: hypoechoic gap in ligament (hematoma), wavy free ends (arrows). LM: lateral malleolus.
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