Journal List > Korean J Adult Nurs > v.29(5) > 1096444

Park, Park, and Chung: Factors Affecting Caregivers’ Burnout Caring for a Family Member in an Intensive Care Unit

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors which contribute to the burnout of a family member providing care to a family member in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods

Data about participants’ characteristics, stress, burden, social support and burnout were collected from March 1 to September 15, 2016. Data were collected through interviews and a self-report questionnaire. One hundred and twenty-three participants who were the primary caregiver participated in the study.

Results

The reported mean stress score was 2.13±0.78 and of reported burden was 3.24±0.27. The mean score of social support was 3.17±0.59 and of burnout was 2.61±0.58. There were significant differences in education level, financial burden, assistant, and health status in burnout of the family caregivers. Burnout had significant correlations with stress (r=.76, p<.001), burden (r=.43, p<.001), and social support (r=-.62, p<.001). The influencing factors on burnout were stress (β=0.63, p<.001), burden (β=0.14, p=.010), and social support (β=-0.32, p<.001). These variables explained 71.8% of the total variance in burnout.

Conclusion

The results suggest that stress, burden, and social support should be considered in developing the nursing interventions to improve the burnout among family caregivers of the ICU patients.

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Table 1.
General Characteristics of Family Caregivers (N=123)
Characteristics Categories n (%) or M± SD
Age (year) <40 16 (13.0)
40~49 35 (28.5)
50~59 38 (30.9)
≥60 34 (27.6)
51.85±12.12
Gender Male 53 (43.1)
Female 70 (56.9)
Religion Yes 61 (49.6)
No 62 (50.4)
Spouse Yes 112 (91.1)
No 11 (8.9)
Education level ≤ High school 76 (61.8)
≥ College 47 (38.2)
Job status Employed 70 (56.9)
Unemployed 53 (43.1)
Economic status Good 4 (3.3)
Fair 85 (69.1)
Poor 34 (27.6)
Types of caregivers Spouse 31 (25.2)
Offspring 83 (67.5)
Others 9 (7.3)
Family support obligations Yes 104 (84.6)
No 19 (15.4)
Financial burden Own self 92 (74.8)
Parents 12 (9.8)
Offspring 12 (9.8)
Others 7 (5.7)
Available assistant Present 90 (73.2)
None 33 (26.8)
Health status Good 55 (44.7)
Fair 52 (42.3)
Poor 16 (13.0)
Hours of caregiving <0.5 25 (20.4)
0.5~1 26 (21.1)
>1 72 (58.5)
2.93±5.80
Hours of sleep <6 60 (48.8)
≥6 63 (51.2)
5.60±1.21
Length of caregiving (month) <1 53 (43.1)
1~6 28 (22.8)
≥6 42 (34.1)
16.73±42.93
Table 2.
Scores for Stress, Burden, Social Support and Burnout (N=123)
Variables M± SD Min Max Range
Stress 2.13±0.78 1.00 4.40 1~5
Burden 3.24±0.27 2.55 4.00 1~5
 Objective 3.56±0.54 1.73 4.55
 Subjective 2.91±0.46 1.82 4.00
Social support 3.17±0.59 1.48 4.16 1~5
 Emotional 3.24±0.61 1.57 4.29
 Evaluative 3.16±0.60 1.33 4.33
 Informative 3.13±0.64 1.50 4.50
 Material 3.13±0.64 1.50 4.33
Burnout 2.61±0.58 1.70 4.25 1~5
 Physical 2.93±0.58 1.67 4.50
 Emotional 1.90±0.82 1.00 4.00
 Psychological 3.04±0.57 1.57 4.86
Table 3.
Differences in Caregivers' Burnout based on General Characteristics (N=123
Characteristics Categories Burnout
M± SD x2 or F or t p
Age (year) <40 2.62±0.51 0.02 .997
40~49 2.62±0.53    
50~59 2.60±0.58    
≥60 2.60±0.66
Gender Male 2.52±0.55 -1.58 .116
Female 2.68±0.59
Religion Yes 2.58±0.56 -0.64 .524
No 2.64±0.59
Spouse Yes 2.61±0.58 -0.14 .891
No 2.63±0.57
Educational level ≤ High school 2.72±0.61 3.04 .003
≥ College 2.43±0.47
Job status Employed 2.57±0.54 -0.85 .400
Unemployed 2.66±0.62
Economic status Good 2.61±0.55 3.82 .051
Fair 2.53±0.56
Poor 2.81±0.58
Types of caregivers Spouse 2.77±0.69 0.72 .396
Offspring 2.55±0.53
Others 2.66±0.48
Family support obligation Yes 2.64±0.58 1.47 .145
No 2.43±0.53
Financial burden Own self a 2.64±0.58 14.53 .001
Parents b 2.10±0.27 a> b
Offspring a 2.88±0.57
Others a 2.64±0.53
Available assistant Yes 2.54±0.58 -2.13 .035
No 2.79±0.54
Health status Good a 2.45±0.49 4.50 .013
Fair b 2.77±0.64 b> a
Poor b 2.64±0.48
Hours of caregiving <0.5 2.47±0.45 0.89 .413
0.5~1 2.65±0.58
>1 2.64±0.61
Hours of sleep <6 2.55±0.61 -1.08 .284
≥6 2.66±0.54
Length of caregiving (month) <1 2.55±0.50 0.95 .391
1~6 2.73±0.54
≥6 2.60±0.68

Kruskal-Wallis test.

Table 4.
Correlations among Stress, Burden, Social Support and Burnout (N=123)
Variables 1 1-1 1-2 1-3 2 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 3 3-1 3-2 3-3
1. Stress 1
 1-1. Burden .22∗∗ 1
 1-2. Objective -.35∗∗ .64∗∗ 1
 1-3. Subjective .68∗∗ .44∗∗ -.40∗∗ 1
2. Social support -.38∗∗ -.45∗∗ -.17 -.34∗∗ 1
 2-1. Emotional -.42∗∗ -.47∗∗ -.16 -.38∗∗ .97∗∗ 1
 2-2. Evaluative -.32∗∗ -.43∗∗ -.16 -.33∗∗ .96∗∗ .90∗∗ 1
 2-3. Material -.44∗∗ -.39∗∗ -.10 -.35∗∗ .95∗∗ .90∗∗ .89∗∗ 1
 2-4. Informative -.24∗∗ -.43∗∗ -.24∗∗ -.23∗∗ .93∗∗ .87∗∗ .87∗∗ .89∗∗ 1
3. Burnout .76∗∗ .43∗∗ -.19 .74∗∗ -.62∗∗ -.64∗∗ -.59∗∗ -.62∗∗ -.51∗∗ 1
 3-1. Physical .78∗∗ .34∗∗ -.28∗∗ .74∗∗ -.39∗∗ -.43∗∗ -.37∗∗ -.38∗∗ -.30∗∗ .84∗∗ 1
 3-2. Emotional .68∗∗ .30∗∗ -.28∗∗ .69∗∗ -.58∗∗ -.60∗∗ -.54∗∗ -.61∗∗ -.46∗∗ .92∗∗ .67∗∗ 1
 3-3. Psychological .54∗∗ .53∗∗ .99 .52∗∗ -.62∗∗ -.61∗∗ -.61∗∗ -.58∗∗ -.57∗∗ .84∗∗ .60∗∗ .63∗∗ 1

p<.05,

∗∗ p<.001.

Table 5.
Factors Affecting Caregivers' Burnout (N=123)
Variables B SE β t p
(Constant) 1.70 0.49   3.44 .001
Stress 0.47 0.04 .63 11.18 <.001
Burden 0.30 0.12 .14 2.61 .010
Social support -0.31 0.06 -.32 -5.03 <.001
Educational level (≤ high school=0) -0.04 0.06 -.03 -0.57 .569
Available assistant (yes=0) -0.02 0.06 -.02 -0.38 .707
Financial burden (own self=0) 0.05 0.07 .03 0.62 .539
Health status (good=0) -0.07 0.04 -.08 -1.60 .112
R2=.734, Adjusted R2=.718, F=45.37, p<.001, Durbin-Watson=1.821
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