Min-Jeong Park; So-Hee Park; Mi Young Chung

doi:10.7475/kjan.2017.29.5.517

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Park, Park, and Chung: Factors Affecting Caregivers’ Burnout Caring for a Family Member in an Intensive Care Unit

Original Article

Korean J Adult Nurs 2017;29(5):517-526.

Published online: 9 October 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2017.29.5.517

Factors Affecting Caregivers’ Burnout Caring for a Family Member in an Intensive Care Unit

Min-Jeong Park, Ph.D., RN¹, So-Hee Park, MSN, RN², Mi Young Chung, Ph.D., RN^3,

¹Department of Nursing, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Korea

²Gunsan Medical Center, Gunsan, Korea

³Department of Nursing Science, Sunmoon University, Asan, Korea

Corresponding author: Chung, Mi Young Department of Nursing Science, Sunmoon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro, 221 beon-gil, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan 31460, Korea. Tel: +82-41-530-2752, Fax: +82-41-530-2725, E-mail: mi3640@naver.com

Received 30 July 201711 October 2017 Accepted 23 October 2017

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors which contribute to the burnout of a family member providing care to a family member in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods

Data about participants’ characteristics, stress, burden, social support and burnout were collected from March 1 to September 15, 2016. Data were collected through interviews and a self-report questionnaire. One hundred and twenty-three participants who were the primary caregiver participated in the study.

Results

The reported mean stress score was 2.13±0.78 and of reported burden was 3.24±0.27. The mean score of social support was 3.17±0.59 and of burnout was 2.61±0.58. There were significant differences in education level, financial burden, assistant, and health status in burnout of the family caregivers. Burnout had significant correlations with stress (r=.76, p<.001), burden (r=.43, p<.001), and social support (r=-.62, p<.001). The influencing factors on burnout were stress (β=0.63, p<.001), burden (β=0.14, p=.010), and social support (β=-0.32, p<.001). These variables explained 71.8% of the total variance in burnout.

Conclusion

The results suggest that stress, burden, and social support should be considered in developing the nursing interventions to improve the burnout among family caregivers of the ICU patients.

Keywords: Family caregivers, Social support, Intensive care units

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Table 1.

General Characteristics of Family Caregivers (N=123)

Characteristics	Categories	n (%) or M± SD
Age (year)	＜40	16 (13.0)
	40~49	35 (28.5)
	50~59	38 (30.9)
	≥60	34 (27.6)
		51.85±12.12
Gender	Male	53 (43.1)
Gender	Female	70 (56.9)
Religion	Yes	61 (49.6)
Religion	No	62 (50.4)
Spouse	Yes	112 (91.1)
Spouse	No	11 (8.9)
Education level	≤ High school	76 (61.8)
Education level	≥ College	47 (38.2)
Job status	Employed	70 (56.9)
Job status	Unemployed	53 (43.1)
Economic status	Good	4 (3.3)
	Fair	85 (69.1)
	Poor	34 (27.6)
Types of caregivers	Spouse	31 (25.2)
	Offspring	83 (67.5)
	Others	9 (7.3)
Family support obligations	Yes	104 (84.6)
Family support obligations	No	19 (15.4)
Financial burden	Own self	92 (74.8)
	Parents	12 (9.8)
	Offspring	12 (9.8)
	Others	7 (5.7)
Available assistant	Present	90 (73.2)
Available assistant	None	33 (26.8)
Health status	Good	55 (44.7)
	Fair	52 (42.3)
	Poor	16 (13.0)
Hours of caregiving	＜0.5	25 (20.4)
	0.5~1	26 (21.1)
	＞1	72 (58.5)
		2.93±5.80
Hours of sleep	＜6	60 (48.8)
	≥6	63 (51.2)
		5.60±1.21
Length of caregiving (month)	＜1	53 (43.1)
	1~6	28 (22.8)
	≥6	42 (34.1)
		16.73±42.93

Table 2.

Scores for Stress, Burden, Social Support and Burnout (N=123)

Variables	M± SD	Min	Max	Range
Stress	2.13±0.78	1.00	4.40	1~5
Burden	3.24±0.27	2.55	4.00	1~5
Objective	3.56±0.54	1.73	4.55
Subjective	2.91±0.46	1.82	4.00
Social support	3.17±0.59	1.48	4.16	1~5
Emotional	3.24±0.61	1.57	4.29
Evaluative	3.16±0.60	1.33	4.33
Informative	3.13±0.64	1.50	4.50
Material	3.13±0.64	1.50	4.33
Burnout	2.61±0.58	1.70	4.25	1~5
Physical	2.93±0.58	1.67	4.50
Emotional	1.90±0.82	1.00	4.00
Psychological	3.04±0.57	1.57	4.86

Table 3.

Differences in Caregivers' Burnout based on General Characteristics (N=123

Characteristics	Categories	Burnout
Characteristics	Categories	M± SD	x² or F or t	p
Age (year)	＜40	2.62±0.51	0.02	.997
	40~49	2.62±0.53
	50~59	2.60±0.58
	≥60	2.60±0.66
Gender	Male	2.52±0.55	-1.58	.116
	Female	2.68±0.59
Religion	Yes	2.58±0.56	-0.64	.524
	No	2.64±0.59
Spouse	Yes	2.61±0.58	-0.14	.891
	No	2.63±0.57
Educational level	≤ High school	2.72±0.61	3.04	.003
	≥ College	2.43±0.47
Job status	Employed	2.57±0.54	-0.85	.400
	Unemployed	2.66±0.62
Economic status	Good	2.61±0.55	3.82^†	.051
	Fair	2.53±0.56
	Poor	2.81±0.58
Types of caregivers	Spouse	2.77±0.69	0.72^†	.396
	Offspring	2.55±0.53
	Others	2.66±0.48
Family support obligation	Yes	2.64±0.58	1.47	.145
	No	2.43±0.53
Financial burden	Own self ^a	2.64±0.58	14.53^†	.001
	Parents ^b	2.10±0.27		a＞ b
	Offspring ^a	2.88±0.57
	Others ^a	2.64±0.53
Available assistant	Yes	2.54±0.58	-2.13	.035
	No	2.79±0.54
Health status	Good ^a	2.45±0.49	4.50	.013
	Fair ^b	2.77±0.64		b＞ a
	Poor ^b	2.64±0.48
Hours of caregiving	＜0.5	2.47±0.45	0.89	.413
	0.5~1	2.65±0.58
	＞1	2.64±0.61
Hours of sleep	＜6	2.55±0.61	-1.08	.284
	≥6	2.66±0.54
Length of caregiving (month)	＜1	2.55±0.50	0.95	.391
	1~6	2.73±0.54
	≥6	2.60±0.68

^† Kruskal-Wallis test.

Table 4.

Correlations among Stress, Burden, Social Support and Burnout (N=123)

Variables	1	1-1	1-2	1-3	2	2-1	2-2	2-3	2-4	3	3-1	3-2	3-3
1. Stress	1
1-1. Burden	.22^∗∗	1
1-2. Objective	-.35^∗∗	.64^∗∗	1
1-3. Subjective	.68^∗∗	.44^∗∗	-.40^∗∗	1
2. Social support	-.38^∗∗	-.45^∗∗	-.17	-.34^∗∗	1
2-1. Emotional	-.42^∗∗	-.47^∗∗	-.16	-.38^∗∗	.97^∗∗	1
2-2. Evaluative	-.32^∗∗	-.43^∗∗	-.16	-.33^∗∗	.96^∗∗	.90^∗∗	1
2-3. Material	-.44^∗∗	-.39^∗∗	-.10	-.35^∗∗	.95^∗∗	.90^∗∗	.89^∗∗	1
2-4. Informative	-.24^∗∗	-.43^∗∗	-.24^∗∗	-.23^∗∗	.93^∗∗	.87^∗∗	.87^∗∗	.89^∗∗	1
3. Burnout	.76^∗∗	.43^∗∗	-.19^∗	.74^∗∗	-.62^∗∗	-.64^∗∗	-.59^∗∗	-.62^∗∗	-.51^∗∗	1
3-1. Physical	.78^∗∗	.34^∗∗	-.28^∗∗	.74^∗∗	-.39^∗∗	-.43^∗∗	-.37^∗∗	-.38^∗∗	-.30^∗∗	.84^∗∗	1
3-2. Emotional	.68^∗∗	.30^∗∗	-.28^∗∗	.69^∗∗	-.58^∗∗	-.60^∗∗	-.54^∗∗	-.61^∗∗	-.46^∗∗	.92^∗∗	.67^∗∗	1
3-3. Psychological	.54^∗∗	.53^∗∗	.99	.52^∗∗	-.62^∗∗	-.61^∗∗	-.61^∗∗	-.58^∗∗	-.57^∗∗	.84^∗∗	.60^∗∗	.63^∗∗	1

^∗ p＜.05,

^∗∗ p＜.001.

Table 5.

Factors Affecting Caregivers' Burnout (N=123)

Variables	B	SE	β	t	p
(Constant)	1.70	0.49		3.44	.001
Stress	0.47	0.04	.63	11.18	＜.001
Burden	0.30	0.12	.14	2.61	.010
Social support	-0.31	0.06	-.32	-5.03	＜.001
Educational level (≤ high school=0)	-0.04	0.06	-.03	-0.57	.569
Available assistant (yes=0)	-0.02	0.06	-.02	-0.38	.707
Financial burden (own self=0)	0.05	0.07	.03	0.62	.539
Health status (good=0)	-0.07	0.04	-.08	-1.60	.112
	R²=.734, Adjusted R²=.718, F=45.37, p＜.001, Durbin-Watson=1.821

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