PDF
ePub
Citation
Print
Abstract
Purpose
The objective of this study was to assess and investigate the epidemiology of pertussis in infants under 6 months of age.
Methods
A prospective study was conducted between October 1, 2011 and April 30, 2013 in CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, South Korea. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or culture was used to detect Bordetella pertussis in nasopharyngeal aspirates from case patients who were hospitalized for acute lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). In addition, multiplex real-time PCR assays were also performed to detect 6 etiologic viruses, including adenovirus, human metapeumovirus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus.
Results
Of the 79 enrolled case patients, whose median age was 2 months of age, the most common diagnoses uncovered in this study were acute bronchiolitis (60%) and pneumonia (28%). B. pertussis infection was found in 13 cases (16%), in which 7 (53%) was coinfected with respiratory syncytial virus and 1 (7%) with influenza A virus. Of the 13 patients with B. pertussis infection, 6 (46%) were not vaccinated with the diphtheria, tetanus toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccine, while 6 (46%) received 1 dose, and 1 (8%) received 2 doses.
Figures and Tables
Table 1
Characteristics of Infants Aged Under 6 Months Hospitalized for Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection
Table 2
Organisms Detected in 79 Infants with Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection between October 2011 and April 2013
*Multiplex real-time PCR assays were performed to detect 6 etiologic viruses, including adenovirus, human metapeumovirus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus.
†Polymerase chain reaction or culture was used to detect Bordetella pertussis in nasopharyngeal aspirates from patients.
References
1. Christie CD, Marx ML, Marchant CD, Reising SF. The 1993 epidemic of pertussis in Cincinnati. Resurgence of disease in a highly immunized population of children. N Engl J Med. 1994; 331:16–21.
2. Edwards KM. Overview of pertussis: focus on epidemiology, sources of infection, and long term protection after infant vaccination. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2005; 24:104–108.
3. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Increasing incidence of pertussis in Korea, 2009. PHWR. 2009; 2:709.
4. Nuolivirta K, Koponen P, He Q, Halkosalo A, Korppi M, Vesikari T, et al. Bordetella pertussis infection is common in nonvaccinated infants admitted for bronchiolitis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2010; 29:1013–1015.
5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Pertussis Epidemic-Washington, 2012. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2012; 61:517–522.
6. European surveillance network for vaccine-preventable diseases. Pertussis Surveillance Report 2010. accessed on 05 August 2011. Available online: www.euvac.net/graphics/euvac/pdf/pertussis_2010.pdf.
7. Health Protection Agency (HPA). Laboratory-confirmed cases of pertussis reported to the enhanced pertussis surveillance programme (England and Wales): Quarterly reports for July-September and October-December 2011; Annual report for 2011. Health protection report. 2012; 6. London: HPA;2012. 02. 24.
8. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Status of pertussis incidences in Korea, 2012. PHWR. 2013; 6:569–573.
9. Yoo S, Ahn KO, Park EH, Cho HS, Park CY, Lee HR. Epidemiologic and clinical features of pertussis in children (2000.3-2001.3). J Korean Pediatr Soc. 2002; 45:603–608.
10. Lee KS, Son JS, Chung EH, Hong KB, Lee MJ, Yu JS, et al. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of pertussis in children, Cheonan, Korea. Korean J Pediatr Infect Dis. 2009; 16:175–182.
11. Kim SJ, Kim SE, Kim JH, Lee JH, Oh JH, Koh DK, et al. The clinical features of pertussis in infancy. Korea J Pediatr Infect Dis. 2009; 16:167–174.
12. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Report of Yeongam Pertussis epidemiological investigation in Korea. PHWR. 2012; 5:510–512.
13. Heininger U, Cherry JD. Pertussis immunisation in adolescents and adults- Bordetella pertussis epidemiology should guide vaccine recommendations. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2006; 685–697.
14. Tan T, Trindale E, Skowronski D. Epidemiology of pertussis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2005; 24:10–18.
15. Forsyth K, Campins-Marti M, Caro J. New pertussis vaccination strategies beyond infancy: recommendations by the global pertussis initiative. Clin Infect Dis. 2004; 39:1802–1809.
16. Cherry JD. Why do pertussis vaccines fail. Pediatrics. 2012; 129:968–970.
17. Schmitt HJ, Wirsing von, Neiss A, Bogaerts H, Bock HL, Schulte-Wissermann H, et al. Efficacy of acellular pertussis vaccine in early childhood after household exposure. JAMA. 1996; 275:37–41.
18. Liese JG, Meschievitz CK, Harzer E, Froeschle J, Hosbach P, Hoppe JE, et al. Efficacy of a two-component acellular pertussis vaccine in infants. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1997; 16:1038–1044.
19. Simondon F, Preziosi MP, Yam A, Kane CT, Chabirand L, Iteman I, et al. A randomized double-blind trial comparing a two-component acellular to a whole-cell pertussis vaccine in Senegal. Vaccine. 1997; 15:1606–1612.
20. Olin P, Rasmussen F, Gustafsson L, Hallander HO, Heijbel H. Randomised controlled trial of two-component, threecomponent, and five-component acellular pertussis vaccines compared with whole-cell pertussis vaccine. Lancet. 1997; 350:1569–1577.
21. Stehr K, Cherry JD, Heininger U, Schmitt-Grohe S, Uberall M, Laussucq S, et al. A comparative efficacy trial in Germany in infants who received either the Lederle/ Takeda acellular pertussis component DTP (DTaP) vaccine, the Lederle whole-cell component DTP vaccine, or DT vaccine. Pediatrics. 1998; 101:1–11.
22. Winter K, Harriman K, Zipprich J, Schechter R, Talarico J, Watt J, et al. California pertussis epidemic, 2010. J Pediatr. 2012; 161:1091–1096.
23. Tsang RS, Lau AK, Sill ML, Halperin SA, Van Caeseele P, Jamieson F, et al. Polymorphisms of the fimbria fim3 gene of Bordetella pertussis strains isolated in Canada. J Clin Microbiol. 2004; 42:5364–5367.
24. Packard ER, Parton R, Coote JG, Fry NK. Sequence variation and conservation invirulence-related genes of Bordetella pertussis isolates from the UK. J Med Microb. 2004; 53:355–365.
25. Mastrantonio P, Spigaglia P, van Oirschot H, van der, Heuvelman K, Stefanelli P, et al. Antigenic variants in Bordetella pertussis strains isolated from vaccinated and unvaccinated children. Microbiol. 1999; 145:2069–2075.
26. Mooi FR, van Oirschot H, Heuvelman K, van der Heide HGJ, Gaastra W, Willems RJL. Polymorphism in the Bordetella pertussis virulence factors P.69/pertactinand pertussis toxin in the Netherlands: temporal trends and evidence of vaccine-driven evolution. Infect Immun. 1998; 66:670–675.
27. Forsyth K, Tan T, Wirsing Von. Potential strategies to reduce the burden of pertussis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2005; 24:69–74.
28. Crowcroft NS, Booy R, Harrison T. Severe and unrecognised: pertussis in UK infants. Arch Dis Child. 2003; 88:802–806.
29. Gall SA, Myers J, Pichichero M. Maternal immunization with tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis vaccine: effect on maternal and neonatal serum antibody levels. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011; 204:334.
30. Cherry JD. Epidemic pertussis in 2012-The resurgence of a vaccine-preventable disease. N Engl J Med. 2012; 367:785–787.
XML Download