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Abstract
Purpose
Human bocavirus (hBoV), a recently discovered virus, has been detected in children with respiratory tract infections worldwide. The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency and molecular phylogeny of hBoV in the respiratory samples of children with acute respiratory tract infections in 2010.
Methods
Nasopharyngeal samples were collected from 953 children with lower respiratory tract infections at Severance children's hospital in Korea from January 2010 to December 2010. We applied the multiplex PCR technique for the identification of 12 respiratory viruses from the samples. Among the total specimens, hBoV positive samples were subjected to phylogenetic analysis by sequencing a fragment of the VP1/VP2 gene junction.
Results
hBoV was detected in 141 (14.8%) among 953 patients. The 61.7% of hBoV-positive samples were found to co-exist with other respiratory viruses. The results of phylogenetic analysis showed that all 141 hBoV-positive isolates were identified as hBoV 1, revealing a high similarity among the isolates (>98%).
Figures and Tables
Fig. 1
Distribution of identified respiratory viruses. Abbreviations: ADV, adenovirus; hRV, human rhinovirus; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus; hBoV, human bocavirus; hMPV, human metapneumovirus; IFB, influenza virus type B; PIV, parainfluenza virus; hCoV, human coronavirus.
Fig. 2
Phylogenetic analysis of the VP1/VP2 gene junction sequences in hBoV isolates. The topology tree was constructed by the neighbor-joining method using MEGA 5.0. Black dots designate reference strains, the other were sequences analyzed in the present study. GenBank accession no. HBoV2 PK-5510 (FJ170278); HBoV3 W47 1 (EU918736); HBoV4-NI-385 (FJ973561); HK24 (EF4 50740); LWK (GU338055); TW2715_06 (EU984232); CU49 (EF203921; st1 (HBoVstrain st1, DQ000495); HK11 (EF450727); CZ643 (DQ457413); CRD2 (DQ34 0570); st2 (HBoV strain st2, DQ000496).
Table 2
Features of Mutated Human Bocavirus-Positive Patients
Abbreviations: WBC, white bolld cell; CRP, C-reactive protein; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; M, male; F, female; hRV, human rhinovirus; hMPV, human metapneumovirus; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus; IUGR, intrauterine growth restriction; ND, not done. Respiratory difficulty was defined as tachypnea (breathing >50/minute for infant aged 2 months to <1 year, breathing >40/minute for child aged 1 to 5 years, breathing >20/minute for child aged >5 years) or chest retraction in a calm child or any general danger sign due to dyspnea (unable to drink or breast feed, vomits everything, convulsions, lethargic or unconscious).
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