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Abstract
Purpose
There have been a few reports of bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation (BPOP) in Korea to date. The purpose of this study was to investigate the etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of BPOP and to report the clinical outcomes from a single institution.
Materials and Methods
Between 1999 and 2016, six patients who were diagnosed and treated operatively at Yeungnam University Medical Center were reviewed retrospectively. The analysis was performed using medical records, simple radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and pathology results, based on clinical and oncological results. All patients underwent surgical treatment for complete resection. We also analyzed one patient who was initially diagnosed with BPOP, showing different clinical features during the follow-up period.
Results
The age of patients ranged from 17 to 60 years. All patients did not show a history of trauma. All patients showed localized edema on the tumor lesion, and three patients also showed tenderness. The tumor lesions were distributed to the femur, tibia, and humerus. All patients underwent marginal resection or wide resection. The mean follow-up period was 50.3 months. There was a malignant change in one patient, but no recurrence or metastasis.
Conclusion
In this study, there was no difference in the incidence of BPOP in accordance with sex. Moreover, there was no significant relationship between trauma and onset of BPOP. Unlike previous reports, no recurrence occurred after complete resection. If BPOP is diagnosed, it is necessary to consider the possibility of malignant change and distinguish it from other malignant tumors.
Figures and Tables
Figure 1
(A) Preoperative radiographs of a 60-year-old female. The tumor was grown in the ulnar aspect of the middle phalangeal head of the index finger. (B) Postoperative radiographs.
Figure 2
(A) Radiographs of the right ankle. The anteroposterior (left) and oblique (right) views demonstrate a well-defined, exophytic bony mass attached to the lateral cortex of the metaphysis of the distal fibula. Continuity between the central part of the lesion and the medullary cavity of the fibular is absent. (B) The excised mass revealed two distinctive areas (left): An area resembling osteochondroma with a cartilaginous cap and medullary bone, as well as an unusual, gray-white, fleshy soft tissue mass (arrows) in the periphery. Note a broad base (arrowheads) attached to the cortical surface of the distal fibula. The whole mount section of the excised mass (H&E) shows an osteochondromatous area with a cartilaginous cap and medullary bone, and a fibrosarcomatous area in the periphery (right).
Figure 3
(A) A low-magnification view shows a cartilaginous cap maturing into the bony trabeculae (H&E, ×40). (B) A higher-magnification view shows cartilage with bizarre, enlarged nuclei and a blue tinctorial quality in the woven bone spicules (H&E, ×200). (C) A higher-magnification view shows loosely arranged spindle cells between the bony trabeculae, rimmed by osteoblasts (H&E, ×200).
Figure 4
(A) The lower part of the photomicrograph shows an osseous element of the bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation. The fibrosarcomatous area can be seen above. (B) The fibrosarcomatous area is moderately cellular with mild nuclear pleomorphism and occasional mitotic figures (A, B: H&E, ×200).
Figure 5
(A) Initial radiographs of a 24-year-old male. The exophytic osteoblastic tumor in the antero-medial aspect of the distal humerus (arrows). (B) The tumor had grown up for 3 years (arrows). (C) Postoperative radiographs and intraoperative photographs. The right distal humerus mass was excised (arrows). The biopsy result was parosteal osteosarcoma, grade 1. (D) Distal humerus was excised and tumor prosthesis inserted. Radiographs were taken postoperatively.
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