Relationship of serum vitamin D and interleukin-31 levels to allergic or nonallergic rhinitis in children

Seong Jun Park; Ji Eun Soh; Moon Soo Park; Hye Lim Jung; Jae Won Shim; Deok Soo Kim; Jung Yeon Shim

doi:10.4168/aard.2018.6.1.41

Journal List > Allergy Asthma Respir Dis > v.6(1) > 1095714

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Park, Soh, Park, Jung, Shim, Kim, and Shim: Relationship of serum vitamin D and interleukin-31 levels to allergic or nonallergic rhinitis in children

Original Article

Allergy Asthma Respir Dis 2018;6(1):41-46.

Published online: 5 January 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4168/aard.2018.6.1.41

Relationship of serum vitamin D and interleukin-31 levels to allergic or nonallergic rhinitis in children

Seong Jun Park, Ji Eun Soh, Moon Soo Park, Hye Lim Jung, Jae Won Shim, Deok Soo Kim, Jung Yeon Shim

Department of Pediatrics, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

Correspondence to: Jung Yeon Shim https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9367-2233 Division of Pediatric Allergy & Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 31116, Korea Tel: +82-2-2001-2484, Fax: +82-2-2001-2199, E-mail: jy7.shim@samsung.com

Received 20 July 20171 November 2017 Accepted 2 November 2017

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

Serum vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25[OH] D) and interleukin-31 (IL-31) are related to atopic dermatitis, but their relationship with allergic rhinitis is unclear. The purpose of this study was to compare the levels of serum IL-31 and 25 (OH) D between the allergic rhinitis (AR), nonallergic rhinitis (NAR), and control groups and to investigate the relationship between IL-31 and 25 (OH) D.

Methods

We recruited 59 children with only rhinitis and 33 controls without any allergic diseases. Serum IL-31 and 25(OH) D levels were assayed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. The patients were considered to have atopic sensitization if the levels of serum specific IgE to inhalant allergens as assessed using immu-noCAP were ≥0.35 IU/mL or if they tested positive for one or more allergens by the skin prick test.

Results

Of children with rhinitis, 25 had nonatopy (NAR), and 34 children had atopy (AR). Serum 25(OH) D levels were significantly lower in the rhinitis group than in the control group, while there was no significant difference serum 25(OH) D levels between the AR and NAR groups. Children with rhinitis demonstrated higher serum IL-31 levels than controls; however, there was no difference in serum IL-31 levels between the AR and NAR groups. Serum 25(OH) D levels were inversely correlated with serum IL-31 levels and blood eosinophil counts. On the other hand, serum 25(OH) D levels were not correlated with total serum IgE levels.

Conclusion

Serum 25(OH) D and IL-31 may play a role in the pathogenesis of rhinitis via mechanisms other than IgE-related path-way.

Keywords: Allergic rhinitis, Nonallergic rhinitis, Interleukin-31, 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, Vitamin D

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Fig. 1.

Correlations between serum logVitD and logIL-31 levels (A), between serum logVitD and logTEC levels (B), and between serum logVitD and logIgE levels (C). There were significant negative correlations between logVitD and logIL-31 levels and between logVitD and logTEC levels. Levels of logVitD showed no correlation to logIgE levels. LogTEC, logarithmic transformation of blood total eosinophil count; LogIgE, logarithmic transformation of serum total IgE; LogVitD, logarithmic transformation of serum vitamin D; LogIL-31, logarithmic transformation of serum IL-31.

Table 1.

Characteristics of study subjects

Characteristic	Allergic rhinitis (n=34)	Nonallergic rhinitis (n=25)	Control (n=33)	P-value
Male sex	16 (47.1)	12 (48.0)	17 (51.5)	0.25
Age (yr)	6.0±1.3	5.5±2.1	5.3±2.5	0.23
Family history of aller rhinitis	rgic 20/31 (64.5)	14/23 (60.9)	4/31 (12.9)	0.00

Values are presented as number (%) or mean±standard deviation.

Table 2.

Comparison of laboratory characteristics between rhinitis and control

Variable	Rhinitis (n=59)	Control (n=33)	P-value
White blood cell counts (/μL)	9,000±1,870	9,800±2,900	0.08
LogIgE (IU/mL)	4.9±1.4	3.8±1.4	0.06
LogTEC (/μL)	5.9±0.8	4.8±1.1	0.00
Atopic sensitization	34 (57.6)	4 (12.1)	0.00
LogVitD (ng/mL)	2.7±1.3	3.4±0.9	0.03
LogIL-31 (pg/mL)	6.9±1.2	5.0±2.1	0.04

Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%).

IL, interleukin; LogIgE, logarithmic transformation of serum total IgE; LogTEC, logarithmic transformation of blood total eosinophil count; LogVitD, logarithmic transformation of serum vitamin D; LogIL-31, logarithmic transformation of serum IL-31.

Table 3.

Comparison of laboratory characteristics between nonallergic and allergic rhinitis

Variable	Allergic rhinitis (n=34)	Nonallergic rhinitis (n=25)	P-value
White blood cell counts (/μL)	8,460±2,060	7,450±1,460	0.15
LogIgE (IU/mL)	5.8±1.2	3.7±0.7	0.00
LogTEC (/μL)	6.3±0.5	5.4±0.8	0.00
LogVitD (ng/mL)	2.6±1.3	2.7±1.3	0.89
LogIL-31 (pg/mL)	6.3±1.1	6.4±1.5	0.80

Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%).

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