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Kim and Park: Perception and Practice to Safely Manage Antineoplastic Agents among Parents of Children with Cancer
Original Article

Asian Oncol Nurs 2018;18(1):47-54.

Published online: 5 March 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5388/aon.2018.18.1.47

Perception and Practice to Safely Manage Antineoplastic Agents among Parents of Children with Cancer

Young Sun Kim1, Jeong Yun Park2

1Department of Nursing, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea

2Department of Clinical Nursing, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea

∗ This article is a revision of the first author's master's thesis from Univeristy of Ulsan.

Address reprint requests to: Park, Jeong Yun Department of Clinical Nursing, University of Ulsan 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, South Korea Tel: +82-2-3010-5333 Fax: +82-2-3010-5332 E-mail: pjyun@ulsan.ac.kr

Received 14 Mar 201820 Mar 2018       Accepted 27 Mar 2018

Copyright © 2018 Korean Ophthalmological Society

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

초록

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate perception and practice for safety management of antineoplastic agents among parents of children with cancer.

Methods

The study used questionnaires of 131 parents of children with cancer who had more than one hospital admission at a tertiary hospital in Seoul. Data were collected from November 9 to November 30, 2016. The questionnaires composed of 15 questions each for perception of safety management of antineoplastic agents and for the practice of safety management of antineoplastic agents.

Results

The average perception of safety management of antineoplastic agents among parents of children with cancer was 73.33 out of 100 points. The average for practice was 3.76±0.59 out of 5 points. There were significant correlations between the perception and practice of antineoplastic agents safety management among parents of children with cancer (r=0.33, p<.001).

Conclusion

The results of this study revealed the levels of perception and practice regarding safe handling of anti-neoplastic agents by parents of children with cancer. It showed that there was a need to develop education program for parents of children with cancer to improve their perception and practice about safety handling of antineoplastic agents. This study recommends re-peated research through the standardized tools on perception and practice about safety management of antineoplastic agents for parents of children with cancer.

Keywords: Parents, Safety Management, Perception, Practice, Antineoplastic Agents

REFERENCES

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Table 1.
Characteristics of Subjects (N =131)
Characteristics Categories n (%) M ± SD
Gender Male 9 (6.9)  
  Female 122 (93.1)  
Age (year) ＜40 61 (3.1) 40.00 ± 5.4
  ≥40 70 (53.5)  
Relationship with patient Father 9 (6.9)  
  Mother 122 (93.1)  
Education ≤ High school 44 (33.6)  
  ＞ High school 87 (66.4)  
Patients’ gender Male 75 (57.3)  
  Female 56 (42.7)  
Patients’ age at diagnosis ≤6 64 (48.9) 8.10 ± 4.5
  7~12 38 (29.0)  
  13~18 29 (22.1)  
Patients’ diagnosis Leukemia 91 (69.5)  
  Lymphoma 12 (9.2)  
  Solid tumor 23 (17.6)  
  Histiocytosis 5 (3.8)  
Patients’ treatment period (mont h) ＜12 56 (42.7) 19.20 ± 18.48
  ≥12 75 (57.3)  
Patients’ frequency of ≤5 54 (41.2) 8.55 ± 8.49
hospitalization (n=130) ＞5 76 (58.0)  
Patients’ medication of IV 131 (100.0)  
antineoplastic agents* IM 91 (69.5)  
  PO 88 (67.2)  
  IT 99 (75.6)  
Method of safety education Pamphlet 99 (75.6)  
  Individual education 117 (89.3)  
  Audio-visual materials 12 (9.2)  
Frequency of providing educatio n 1 31 (23.7)  
(time) 2 37 (28.2)  
  3 63 (48.1)  
Education satisfaction Dissatisfied 17 (12.9) 2.21 ± 0.65
(possible range: 0~5) Satisfied 114 (87.1)  

IV= intravenous injection; IM= intramuscular injection; PO= per oral; It= intra-thecal injection; *Multiple response.

Table 2.
Perception of Safety Management of Antineoplastic Agents (N =131)
Rank Items Correctly response n (%)
1 Gloves should be worn when handling urine, feces, vomit, etc. during the administration of antineoplastic agents. 121 (92.4)
2 Antineoplastic agents are excreted in the sweat, urine, feces, vomit, etc. of the child. 119 (90.8)
3 The portable toilet used by the child is washed each time. 119 (90.8)
4 It is not harmful to the caregiver to touch the wet patient ‘s clothing or sheet when the chemotherapy infusion set is separated.* 116 (88.5)
5 When feeding the child with oral antineoplastic agents, make sure the medicine does not in direct contact with your hands. 115 (87.8)
6 When an antineoplastic agent splashes into the eye, rinse it off with normal saline solution even if there is no symptoms. 111 (84.7)
7 First aid is not necessary if the antineoplastic agent is splashing in the eye and there are no symptoms.* 110 (84.0)
8 During the administration of antineoplastic agents, the urine of the child is collected in the urinal and emp-tied at once.* 102 (77.9)
9 The exposure level of the antineoplastic agent that is experienced while nursing the child is not harmful to the guardian at all.* 100 (76.3)
10 During the administration of antineoplastic agents, the patient's clothes, duvets and other laundry should be washed away from other family laundry. 94 (71.8)
11 Until 48 hours after the administration of the antineoplastic agents, the patient's clothes, duvets and other laundry should be washed away from other family laundry. 90 (68.7)
12 Antineoplastic agent metabolites are no longer excreted in the sweat, urine, feces, or vomit of the child when the administration of the antineoplastic agents is completed.* 84 (63.2)
13 The pill may be divided into smaller portions or ground into powder to give the child an antineoplastic agent.* 75 (57.3)
14 The urinal used by the child is washed once a day. 59 (45.0)
15 If the skin is exposed to antineoplastic agent, wipe it with alcohol several times.* 26 (19.8)
*Reverse question.
Table 3.
Practice of Safety Management of Antineoplastic Agents (N =131)
Rank Items n Practice M ± SD
1 During the infusion of antineoplastic agent, if the infusion set is separated and the antineoplastic agent is leaked, check the area with the bare hands.* 127 4.54 ± 1.07
2 During the administration of antineoplastic agents, I used the child's spoon while eating.* 131 4.51 ± 1.08
3 Until 48 hours after the administration of the antineoplastic agents, the urine of the patient was collected in the urinal and discarded at once.* 118 4.48 ± 0.98
4 Separation of the antineoplastic agent solution sets, and when the antineoplastic agent comes into contact with the skin, rinse with running water and soap several times. 127 4.42 ± 1.00
5 The portable toilet used by the child was washed each time. 119 4.36 ± 1.19
6 When an antineoplastic agent splashes into the eye, wash them thoroughly with water or normal saline solution. 126 4.35 ± 0.97
7 When I was given oral antineoplastic agents to my children, I did not treat them with bare hands. 128 4.13 ± 1.35
8 The pill was divided into smaller portions or ground into powder to give the patient an antineoplastic agent.* 128 3.86 ± 1.55
9 Wear gloves when washing antineoplastic agents on the skin of children. 127 3.85 ± 1.45
10 Gloves were worn when handling vomit or urine within 48 hours after the completion of the antineoplastic agent application. 131 3.32 ± 1.58
11 The urinal used by the child was washed once a day. 118 3.27 ± 1.76
12 During the administration of antineoplastic agents, the patient's clothes, duvets and other laundry were 131 3.18 ± 1.69
  washed away from other family laundry.    
13 Until 48 hours after the administration of the antineoplastic agents, the patient's clothes, duvets and other 131 3.04 ± 1.67
  laundry were washed away from other family laundry.    
14 Within 48 hours after the completion of the antineoplastic agent application, the child had to urinate and then dropped the toilet water twice. 118 2.73 ± 1.55
15 The antineoplastic agents exposed to the skin are wiped off several times with alcohol gel.* 126 2.57 ± 1.55
*Reverse question.
Table 4.
Perception and Practice of Safety Management of Antineoplastic Agents according to General Characteristics (N =131)
Characteristics Categories Perception Practice
M ± SD t or F (p) M ± SD t or F (p)
Gender Male 9.56 ± 2.35 -1.79 (.076) 3.81 ± 0.60 0.24 (.814)
  Female 11.11 ± 2.52   3.76 ± 0.59*  
Age (year) ＜40 11.04 ± 2.43 0.21 (.837) 3.69 ± 0.69 -1.29 (.199)
  ≥ 40 10.95 ± 2.63   3.83 ± 0.50  
Education status ≤ High school 10.77 ± 3.02 -0.66 (.509) 3.77 ± 0.68* 0.12 (.909)
  ＞ High school 11.11 ± 2.26   3.76 ± 0.53*  
Patients’ age at diagnosis (year) ≤ 6 11.12 ± 2.37 0.18 (.835) 3.79 ± 0.64* 0.63 (.537)
  7~12 10.95 ± 2.55   3.67 ± 0.57  
  13~18 10.79 ± 2.92   3.81 ± 0.47*  
Period after diagnosis (month) ＜12 11.02 ± 2.34 0.12 (.948) 3.67 ± 0.62* 1.31 (.275)
  ≥ 12 10.95 ± 2.69   3.76 ± 0.56  
Frequency of hospitalization ≤ 5 10.56 ± 2.57 -1.61 (.110) 3.66 ± 0.59* -1.57 (.120)
(times) ＞5 11.27 ± 2.47   3.82 ± 0.56*  
Frequency of providing education 1 10.62 ± 2.67 3.21 (.044)* 3.72 ± 0.59* 0.16 (.852)
(times) 2 10.67 ± 2.71   3.79 ± 0.54*  
  3 11.84 ± 1.94   3.78 ± 0.65*  
Education satisfaction Dissatisfied 10.23 ± 2.13 1.34 (.183) 3.77 ± 0.44 -0.08 (.939)
  Satisfied 11.11 ± 2.58   3.76 ± 0.61  

∗ Tukey test.

Table 5.
Correlation between Perception and Practice of Safety Management of Antineoplastic Agents (N =131)
Variables Practice of safety management
r (p)
Perception of safety management .33 (＜.001)
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