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Baek and Choi: A Comparative Study on the Characteristics of Cancer Patients and Cancer Survivors
Original Article

Asian Oncol Nurs 2018;18(1):11-20.

Published online: 5 March 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5388/aon.2018.18.1.11

A Comparative Study on the Characteristics of Cancer Patients and Cancer Survivors

So Young Baek1, Ja Yun Choi2

1Department of Nursing, Cheongam College, Suncheon, Korea

2College of Nursing, Chonnam National University · CRINS, Gwangju, Korea

Address reprint requests to: Choi, Ja Yun College of Nursing, Chonnam National University, 160 Baekseo-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61469, Korea Tel: +82-62-530-4943 Fax: +82-62-225-3307 E-mail: choijy@jnu.ac.kr

Received 29 Nov 201727 Dec 2017       Accepted 20 Mar 2018

Copyright © 2018 Korean Ophthalmological Society

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

초록

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to identify and compare the characteristics of cancer patients and cancer survivors.

Methods

This study used data from the Korea National and Health Nutrition Examination Survey (2010~2015), conducted by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. This study included 455 cancer patients and 567 cancer survivors. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-tests, and χ2.

Results

Cancer survivors were less compliant compared to cancer patients in drinking frequency (χ2=13.12, p ≤.001), drinking volume (χ2=13.35, p=.001) and cancer screening tests (χ2=4.79, p=.029). Cancer patients showed higher body weight change compared to cancer survivors (χ2=7.37, p=.025). There was no difference in quality of life (QoL) between the two groups (t=1.38, p=.169).

Conclusion

This study indicates that cancer survivors have poor living habits and no improvement in QoL compared to cancer patients. Oncology nurses should pay attention to cancer survivors compliance of living habits to prevent secondary cancer and to improve their QoL.

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Keywords: Neoplasms, Survivors, Health Behaviors, Quality of Life

REFERENCES

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Table 1.
Types of Cancers (N =1,022)
Variables Cancer patients (n=455)
 Cancer survivors (n=567)
 Total
n (%) n (%) n (%)
Gastric cancer 109 (38.4) 171 (44.3) 280 (41.8)
Liver cancer 28 (11.4) 11 (3.5) 39 (6.9)
Colon cancer 70 (25.8) 89 (25.5) 159 (25.6)
Breast cancer 77 (27.7) 96 (26.9) 173 (27.2)
Cervical cancer 19 (7.7) 129 (35.4) 148 (24.3)
Lung cancer 29 (11.6) 12 (3.8) 41 (7.3)
Thyroid cancer 141 (47.3) 67 (20.1) 208 (32.9)

Note. Duplication answer exists.

Table 2.
Demographic Characteristics (N =1,022)
Variables Categories Cancer patients (n=455)
 Cancer survivors (n=567)
 Total
 χ2 or t (p)
n (%) n (%) n (%)
Gender Male 163 (35.8) 175 (30.9) 338 (33.1) 2.81 (.094)
  Female 292 (64.2) 392 (69.1) 684 (66.9)  
Age (year) M ± SD (Range) 61.8 ± 10.7 (40~84) 64.2 ± 10.7 (40~84) 63.1 ± 10.8 (40~84) 16.55 (.002)
  40~49 72 (15.8) 62 (10.9) 134 (13.1)  
  50~59 113 (24.8) 132 (23.3) 245 (24.0)  
  60~69 141 (31.0) 163 (28.8) 304 (29.7)  
  70~79 116 (25.5) 168 (29.6) 284 (27.8)  
  ≥ 80 13 (2.9) 42 (7.4) 55 (5.4)  
Income level Low Middle low 107 (23.5)113 (24.8) 126 (22.2)146 (25.7) 233 (22.8)259 (25.3) 0.40 (.941)
  Middle high 121 (26.6) 151 (26.6) 272 (26.6)  
  High 107 (23.5) 140 (24.7) 247 (24.2)  
  No response 7 (1.5) 4 (0.7) 11 (1.1)  
Education level ≤ Elementary 175 (38.5) 259 (45.7) 434 (42.5) 7.54 (.057)
  Middle 88 (19.3) 83 (14.6) 171 (16.7)  
  High 124 (27.3) 137 (24.2) 261 (25.5)  
  ≥ College 63 (13.8) 84 (14.8) 147 (14.4)  
  No response 5 (1.1) 4 (0.7) 9 (0.9)  
Marriage Married 446 (98.0) 560 (98.8) 1,006 (98.4) 0.91 (.341)
  Single 9 (2.0) 7 (1.2) 16 (1.6)  
National health Self-employed 158 (34.7) 174 (30.7) 332 (32.5) 2.41 (.300)
insurance Employee 273 (60.0) 355 (62.6) 628 (61.4)  
  Medical Care 19 (4.2) 31 (5.5) 50 (4.9)  
  Do not know 1 (0.2) 4 (0.7) 5 (0.5)  
  No response 4 (0.9) 3 (0.5) 7 (0.7)  
Private insurance No 183 (40.2) 288 (50.8) 471 (46.1) 11.80 (.001)
  Yes 267 (58.7) 271 (47.8) 538 (52.6)  
  No response 5 (1.1) 8 (1.4) 13 (1.3)  
Economic activity No 296 (65.1) 328 (57.8) 624 (61.1) 5.53 (.019)
condition Yes 156 (34.3) 235 (41.5) 391 (38.3)  
  No response 3 (0.6) 4 (0.7) 7 (0.7)  
Comorbidity No 418 (91.9) 529 (93.3) 947 (92.7) 0.76 (.384)
  Yes 37 (8.1) 38 (6.7) 75 (7.2)  
Body mass index 18.5 kg/m² 18 (3.9) 37 (6.5) 55 (5.4) 4.25 (.119)
  18.5~25 kg/m² 306 (67.3) 356 (62.8) 662 (64.8)  
  ＞25 kg/m² 130 (28.6) 174 (30.7) 304 (29.7)  
  No response 1 (0.2)   1 (0.1)  

Note. Not applicable and no answer are excluded from verification.

Table 3.
Health Behavior (N =1,022)
Variables   Categories Cancer patients (n=455)
 Cancer survivors (n=567)
 Total
 χ2 or t (p)
n (%) n (%) n (%)
Current smmoking status No 422 (92.7) 510 (89.9) 932 (91.2) 2.47 (.166)
Yes 33 (7.3) 57 (10.1) 90 (8.8)
Diet Kcal intake Male: ＜1,900, 220 (48.4) 285 (50.3) 505 (49.4) 1.06 (.590)
Female: ＜1,600
Male: 1,900~2,500, 103 (22.6) 121 (21.3) 224 (21.9)
Female: 1,600~2,000
Male: ＞2,500, 104 (22.9) 115 (20.3) 219 (21.4)
Female: ＞2,000
No response 28 (6.1) 46 (8.1) 74 (7.3)
Fibrin intake ＜20 262 (57.6) 351 (61.9) 613 (60.0) 3.72 (.156)
(g/day) 20~25 46 (10.1) 48 (8.5) 94 (9.2)
＞25 119 (26.2) 122 (21.5) 241 (23.6)
No response 28 (6.1) 46 (8.1) 74 (7.2)
Sodium intake ＜2,000 108 (23.7) 143 (25.2) 251 (24.6) 0.56 (.454)
(mg/day) ＞2,000 319 (70.1) 378 (66.7) 697 (68.2)
No response 28 (6.2) 46 (8.1) 74 (7.2)
Fat intake ＜40 318 (69.9) 401 (70.7) 719 (70.4) 3.09 (.214)
(g/day) 40~50 44 (9.7) 37 (6.5) 81 (7.9)
＞50 65 (14.3) 83 (14.7) 148 (14.5)
No response 28 (6.1) 46 (8.1) 74 (7.2)
Protein intake ＜50 182 (40.0) 242 (42.7) 424 (41.5) 1.57 (.456)
(g/day) 50~55 32 (7.0) 40 (7.0) 72 (7.0)
＞55 213 (46.8) 239 (42.2) 452 (44.2)
No response 28 (6.2) 46 (8.1) 74 (7.3)
Number of meals 1 meals 5 (1.1) 2 (0.4) 7 (0.7) 5.24 (.073)
2 meals 20 (4.4) 38 (6.7) 58 (5.7)
3 meals 178 (39.1) 197 (34.7) 375 (36.7)
No response 252 (55.4) 330 (58.2) 582 (56.9)
Breakfast No 28 (6.2) 38 (6.7) 66 (6.5) 0.32 (.572)
Yes 192 (42.2) 224 (39.5) 416 (40.7)
No response 235 (51.6) 305 (53.8) 540 (52.8)
Lunch No 27 (6.0) 31 (5.5) 58 (5.7) 0.00 (.987)
Yes 189 (41.5) 218 (38.4) 407 (39.8)
No response 239 (52.5) 318 (56.1) 557 (54.5)
Dinner No 16 (3.5) 23 (4.1) 39 (3.8) 0.45 (.505)
Yes 198 (43.5) 227 (40.0) 425 (41.6)
No response 241 (53.0) 317 (55.9) 558 (54.6)
Drinking Frequency No 260 (57.1) 261 (46.0) 521 (51.0) 13.12 (＜.001)
Once a month 91 (20.0) 143 (25.2) 234 (22.9)
More than twice a month 96 (21.1) 155 (27.4) 251 (24.5)
No response 8 (1.8) 8 (1.4) 16 (1.6)
Volume No 260 (57.1) 261 (46.0) 521 (51.0) 13.34 (.001)
1~2 cup 110 (24.2) 167 (29.5) 277 (27.1)
＞3 cup 78 (17.2) 132 (23.3) 210 (20.5)
No response 7 (1.5) 7 (1.2) 14 (1.4)
Exercise Walk for No 234 (51.4) 325 (57.3) 559 (54.7) 2.23 (.136)
1 week Yes 95 (20.9) 103 (18.2) 198 (19.4)
No response 126 (27.7) 139 (24.5) 265 (25.9)
Muscular No 416 (91.4) 511 (90.1) 927 (90.7) 0.32 (.571)
exercise for Yes 35 (7.7) 49 (8.6) 84 (8.2)
1 week No response 4 (0.9) 7 (1.2) 11 (1.1)
Flexibility No 344 (75.6) 425 (75.0) 769 (75.2) 0.01 (.927)
exercise for Yes 107 (23.5) 134 (23.6) 241 (23.6)
1 week No response 4 (0.9) 8 (1.4) 12 (1.2)

Note. Not applicable and no answer are excluded from verification.

Table 3.
Health Behavior (Continued) (N =1,022)
Variables Categories Cancer patients (n=455)
 Cancer survivors (n=567)
 Total
 χ2 or t ( p)
n (%) n (%) n (%)
Weight Weight change No change 285 (62.6) 398 (70.2) 683 (66.8) 7.37 (.025)
Weight loss 94 (20.7) 84 (14.8) 178 (17.4)
Weight gain 69 (15.2) 79 (13.9) 148 (14.5)
No response 7 (1.5) 6 (1.1) 13 (1.3)
Weight control Loss efforts 143 (31.4) 186 (32.8) 329 (32.2) 1.43 (.699)
Maintenance 103 (22.7) 112 (19.8) 215 (21.0)
Gain efforts 41 (9.0) 56 (9.9) 97 (9.5)
Never tried 161 (35.4) 207 (36.5) 368 (36.0)
No response 7 (1.5) 6 (1.0) 13 (1.3)
Exercise No 56 (12.3) 74 (13.1) 130 (12.7) 0.34 (.559)
Yes 190 (41.8) 223 (39.3) 413 (40.4)
Not applicable 202 (44.4) 263 (46.4) 465 (45.5)
No response 7 (1.5) 7 (1.2) 14 (1.4)
Dietary No 122 (26.8) 135 (23.8) 257 (25.1) 0.93 (.336)
Yes 124 (27.3) 162 (28.6) 286 (28.0)
Not applicable 202 (44.4) 263 (46.4) 465 (45.5)
No response 7 (1.5) 7 (1.2) 14 (1.4)
Cancer Cancer screening No 309 (67.9) 385 (67.9) 694 (67.9) 0.00 (.986)
screening within 2 years Yes 144 (31.7) 179 (31.6) 323 (31.6)
No response 2 (0.4) 3 (0.5) 5 (0.5)
General screening No 301 (66.2) 386 (68.1) 687 (67.2) 0.29 (.593)
within 2 years Yes 150 (32.9) 179 (31.6) 329 (32.2)
No response 4 (0.9) 2 (0.3) 6 (0.6)
Personal burden No 214 (47.0) 260 (45.9) 474 (46.4) 0.37 (.541)
cancer screening Yes 93 (20.4) 125 (22.0) 218 (21.3)
Not applicable 144 (31.7) 179 (31.6) 323 (31.6)
No response 4 (0.9) 3 (0.5) 7 (0.7)
Person specific No 171 (37.6) 246 (43.4) 417 (40.8) 4.79 (.029)
cancer screening Yes 136 (29.9) 139 (24.5) 275 (26.9)
Not applicable 144 (31.6) 179 (31.6) 323 (31.6)
No response 4 (0.9) 3 (0.5) 7 (0.7)
National health No 186 (40.9) 211 (37.2) 397 (38.8) 2.33 (.127)
insurance Yes 121 (22.6) 174 (30.7) 295 (28.9)
corporation free Not applicable 144 (31.6) 179 (31.6) 323 (31.6)
cancer screening No response 4 (0.9) 3 (0.5) 7 (0.7)
Free cancer No 305 (67.0) 381 (67.2) 686 (67.1) 0.30 (.585)
screenings Yes 2 (0.4) 4 (0.7) 6 (0.6)
Not applicable 144 (31.7) 179 (31.6) 323 (31.6)
No response 4 (0.9) 3 (0.5) 7 (0.7)
Sleeping ho urs ＜6 hours 105 (23.1) 121 (21.4) 226 (22.1) 1.70 (.428)
6~8 hours 216 (47.5) 291 (51.3) 507 (49.6)
＞8 hours 127 (27.9) 144 (25.4) 271 (26.5)
No response 7 (1.5) 11 (1.9) 18 (1.8)
Stress No 81 (17.8) 127 (22.4) 208 (20.4) 3.29 (.070)
Yes 374 (82.2) 440 (77.6) 814 (79.6)

Note. Not applicable and no answer are excluded from verification.

Table 4.
Quality of Life (N =1,022)
Variables Cancer patients (n=455) Cancer survivors (n=567) Total t (p)
M ± SD M ± SD
Quality of life EQ-5D 1.29 ± 0.71 1.23 ± 0.45 1.26 ± 0.58 1.38 (.169)
Motor ability 1.27 ± 0.49 1.30 ± 0.50 1.29 ± 0.49 -0.82 (.415)
Self-management 1.08 ± 0.28 1.08 ± 0.31 1.08 ± 0.30 -0.16 (.875)
Daily activities 1.21 ± 0.44 1.18 ± 0.43 1.20 ± 0.43 1.11 (.267)
Pain/discomfort 1.39 ± 0.58 1.39 ± 0.58 1.39 ± 0.58 0.19 (.851)
Anxiety/depression 1.20 ± 0.43 1.17 ± 0.40 1.18 ± 0.42 1.34 (.179)

EQ-5D= EuroQol-5 dimension.

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