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Park, Han, and Lee: The Association of Health Behaviors with Stress Perception among High School Students in Korea: Based on 2015 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Survey
Original Article

J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs 2018;29(1):87-96.

Published online: 12 March 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2018.29.1.87

The Association of Health Behaviors with Stress Perception among High School Students in Korea: Based on 2015 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Survey

Hyeon-Sook Park1, Ji-Young Han2, Nae-Young Lee2

1Department of Nursing, Kyungil University, Gyeongsan, Korea

2Department of Nursing, Silla University, Busan, Korea

Corresponding author: Han, Ji-Young Department of Nursing, Silla University, 140 Baegyang-daero, 700beon-gil, Sasang-gu, Busan 46958, Korea. Tel: +82-51-999-5872, Fax: +82-51-999-5176, E-mail: hanjy@silla.ac.kr

Received 25 October 2017       Revised 7 February 2018       Accepted 13 February 2018

Copyright © 2018 Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this study is to identify Korean high school students’ health behaviors and perceived stress and to examine effects of their health behaviors on their stress perception.

Methods

The subjects were 33,744 high school students who participated in the 11th Korea youth risk behavior web-based survey 2015 in Korea. Data were analyzed using complex samples analysis with the PASW 18.0 program. The questionnaire utilized in this study is designed to find the subjects’ general characteristics, health behaviors, and perceived stress.

Results

The prevalence of subjects with high level stress was 38.9% (n=13,137) in this study. There were significant differences in the general characteristics and stress perception among the Korean high school students in terms of gender, grade, school achievement, family's affluence, mother's education, perceived happiness, perceived health status, and stressor. The variables of health behaviors of Korean high school students were significantly different from stress perception. Under complex samples logistic regression, predictive factors of stress for the high school students include gender, grade, father's education, family's affluence, living arrangement, perceived health status, perceived happiness, current smoking, current alcohol experience, and enough sleep.

Conclusion

The study suggests multilateral efforts are needed to help high school students' stress management including health behaviors for high school students.

Keywords: Health risk behaviors, Stress, Adolescents

References

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Table 1.
Perceived Stress by General Characteristics
Variables Categories Perceived stress
No (n=20,607) Yes (n=13,137) Rao-Scott x2 (p)
n (weighted %) n (weighted %)
Gender Female 8,838 (54.2) 7,560 (45.8) 661.40
Male 11,769 (67.8) 5,577 (32.2) (＜.001)
Grade 1 7,127 (64.0) 3,995 (36.0) 69.46
2 6,787 (61.3) 4,326 (38.7) (＜.001)
3 6,693 (58.6) 4,816 (41.4)
School achievement Above medium 13,622 (63.6) 7,866 (36.4) 129.56
Below medium-low 6,985 (57.3) 5,271 (42.7) (＜.001)
Family's affluence Above medium 16,74 1 (63.6) 9,673 (36.4) 267.55
Below medium-low 3,866 (52.9) 3,464 (47.1) (＜.001)
Living arrangement The others 1,514 (59.4) 1,045 (40.6) 3.45
Living with family 19,093 (61.4) 12,092 (38.6) (.177)
Father's education High school or less 10,701 (60.9) 6,917 (39.1) 2.01
University or more 9,906 (61.7) 6,220 (38.3) (.247)
Mother's education High school or less 12,163 (60.5) 8,031 (39.5) 14.74
University or more 8,444 (62.5) 5,106 (37.5) (.002)
Perceived happiness Happiness 15,503 (76.0) 5,002 (24.0) 4767.34
Unhappiness 5,104 (38.6) 8,135 (61.4) (＜.001)
Perceived health status Healthy 15,797 (68.4) 7,376 (31.6) 1562.74
Unhealthy 4,810 (45.6) 5,761 (54.4) (＜.001)
Stressor Conflict with parents 1,473 (51.4) 1,405 (48.6) 1427.84
Family circumstances 657 (50.9) 647 (48.1) (＜.001)
Conflict with the teacher 361 (51.4) 344 (48.6)
Friendships 1,200 (45.1) 1,446 (54.9)
Burden of score and career 13,418 (63.1) 7,922 (36.9)
Health problem 531 (63.0) 313 (37.0)
Appearance 2,069 (66.0) 1,060 (34.0)
Table 2.
Perceived Stress by Health Behaviors
Variables Categories Perceived stress
No (n=20,607) Yes (n=13,137) Rao-Scott x2 (p)
n (weighted %) n (weighted %)
Current smoking No 18,337 (61.9) 11,404 (38.1) 32.99
Yes 2,270 (57.1) 1,733 (42.9) (＜.001)
Current alcohol experience No 15,721 (62.6) 9,483 (37.4) 70.08
Yes 4,886 (57.4) 3,654 (42.6) (＜.001)
Vigorous physical activity (/week) ≥3 days 6,892 (66.3) 3,606 (33.7) 159.72
＜3 days 13,715 (59.1) 9,531 (40.9) (＜.001)
Skipping breakfast (/week) No (＜2 days) 15,188 (63.0) 9,014 (37.0) 98.19
Yes (≥5 days) 5,419 (57.1) 4,123 (42.9) (＜.001)
Enough sleep Yes 4,938 (75.8) 1,588 (24.2) 724.29
No 15,669 (57.8) 11,549 (42.2) (＜.001)
Table 3.
Associations of Perceived Stress with General Characteristics
Variables Perceived stress
OR 95% CI p
Gender (ref.: Male) Female 1.78 1.69~1.92 ＜.001
Grade (ref.: 3)
 1 0.87 0.81~0.92 ＜.001
 2 0.90 0.85~0.97 .003
Father's education (ref.: University or more) High school or less 0.87 0.81~0.93 ＜.001
Mother's education (ref.: University or more) High school or less 0.99 0.93~1.06 .826
School achievement (ref.: Below medium-low) Above medium 0.99 0.96~1.07 .682
Family's affluence (ref.: Below medium-low) Above medium 0.79 0.74~0.85 ＜.001
Living arrangement (ref.: Living with family) The others 1.13 1.10~1.28 .046
Perceived health status (ref.: Unhealthy) Healthy 0.62 0.58~0.65 ＜.001
Perceived happiness (ref.: Unhappiness) Happiness 0.24 0.22~0.25 ＜.001

OR=odds ratio; CI=confidence intervals; ref.=reference.

Table 4.
Associations of Perceived Stress with Health Behaviors
Variables Perceived stress
OR 95% CI p
Current smoking (ref.: Yes)
 No 0.85 0.78~0.94 .001
Current alcohol experience (ref.: Yes)
 No 0.83 0.78~0.89 ＜.001
Vigorous physical activity (ref.: ＜3 days)
 ≥3 days 0.97 0.91~1.03 .301
Skipping breakfast (ref.: Yes)
 No 0.96 0.90~1.02 .170
Enough sleep (ref.: No)
 Yes 0.60 0.56~0.65 ＜.001

OR=odds ratio; CI=confidence intervals; ref.=reference.

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